Across
- 2. In the second step of the influenza virus entry process, what does the tight association of the virus particle with the the host cell induce?
- 3. _________ and October are the best months to receive the influenza vaccine.
- 6. Besides getting the flu shot, a person can prevent infection by practicing________.
- 7. What will that influenza viruses constantly undergo?
- 10. "Influenza" originates from the Italian language, meaning _____________.
- 11. In the fourth step of the influenza virus entry process, what does the fusion of the viral membrane with the host membrane form?
- 15. The influenza virus is passed from person to person via bodily fluid droplets released when sneezing and __________.
- 19. What type of drugs are used to treat influenza?
- 21. Only occurs in influenza A and results in the rearrangement of RNA sequences from two separate viral stains infecting the same cell making new antigens for the virus.
- 23. The best way to prevent getting the flu is by getting a_________ each year.
- 26. Infected adults can infect others around them beginning 1 day _______ symptoms develop and 5-7 days after experiencing symptoms.
- 28. What is the term for an influenza virus particle that carries genetic material on the single strand RNA segments?
- 30. What type of influenza vaccine is made with an ingredient that helps the boost a stronger immune response specifically for people 65 years and older?
- 31. How long can the influenza virus survive on hard surfaces? ______ to eight hours.
- 32. How long does it take a person to experience symptoms of the flu after being infected? (hint: -blank- days)
- 33. There are 3 different types of influenza, A, B, and C, which one is the most severe?
- 34. A person infected with influenza is more contagious 3-4 days _______ their symptoms begin.
- 36. What country does most of the new strains of influenza originate?
- 37. In 1918, what pandemic killed 50 billion people worldwide?
- 39. What is the name of the high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine approved for people 65 years and older?
- 40. After a person recovers from a flu, they will not be infected by the ______ strain of influenza.
- 41. Birds can transmit influenza to pigs, who can transmit it to______.
- 43. How is an attenuated influenza vaccine spray given?
- 46. About 80% of the influenza viral glycoprotein spikes are haemagglutinin (HA) and 20% are ____________.
- 47. True or False: the most common symptoms of influenza include: fever, chills, fatigue, headaches, muscle aches, coughing, and sore throat.
- 48. What type of influenza vaccination is most commonly grown in the cultured cells of mammals?
- 49. Virus isolation, the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), and the immunochromatography-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) are types of ______________ techniques for influenza.
- 51. In the influenza virus, what is the name of the receptor molecule that is linked to the saccharides attached to the host cell surface? Terminal alpha_______.
Down
- 1. What type of protein contains influenza viral RNA and viral polymerase used for replication?
- 4. What type of cells in the upper respiratory tract does the influenza virus infect?
- 5. Viral glycoprotein_________ protrude from the influenza virus envelope.
- 8. The proportion of people who get infected _________ based on the severity of the flu season.
- 9. Where does the influenza virus most commonly infect humans?
- 12. After the influenza virus enters the host cell, it releases its viral genome segments into the nucleus initiating transcription and _____________.
- 13. The four influenza strains that circulate in the human population are A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and two__________.
- 14. How about long can it for the flu vaccine to protect a person against the influenza virus?
- 16. The increase of worldwide transport and __________ increases the rapid spread of influenza.
- 17. ______ or Tamiflu is a type of drug that can attach the influenza virus by inhibiting the enzyme neuraminidase and therefore stopping the virus from infecting other cells.
- 18. What family does the influenza virus belong to?
- 20. Which surface glycoprotein on the influenza virus cell contains the host binding site?
- 22. People at risk of getting infected include: infants, pregnant women, elders, and_________________.
- 24. Bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, and sinus infections can all lead to _____________ of the flu.
- 25. The infection of influenza causes a flu, which is more serious than a _____.
- 27. How many segments of the nucleoprotein-enwrapped single-stranded RNA are in the viral genome?
- 29. In order to enter the cell, the influenza virus must first __________ the host cell receptor molecule on the surface.
- 35. True or False: the flu vaccine causes the flu.
- 38. Injecting a small dose of a crippled influenza strain or a purified HA protein can help make___________ to HA and protect people from the flu.
- 39. How many influenza epidemics have there been in the last century?
- 42. What is the gradual accumulation of point mutations during the seasonal and annual circulation of influenza?
- 44. What plan did the World Health Organization make to prepare for a possible influenza pandemic? Global influenza_______ plan
- 45. In the United States, how many annual deaths are caused by the influenza virus?
- 50. What type of influenza can infect humans, birds, pigs, and horses?