Innate Immunity Puzzle!

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Across
  1. 1. molecular patterns that most pathogenic microbes share. They usually include peptidoglycan, flagellin, lipopolysaccharide, lipopeptides, and nucleic acids.
  2. 3. mechanism that signals molecules released by injured cells, such as complement, cytokines, or microbial products, attract phagocytes moving to the damaged tissue.
  3. 6. granulocytes that target parasites. They can leave the circulation blood and reside in tissue.
  4. 7. one outcome of complement activation. It produces a pore on the microbe surface by forming a membrane attack complex (MAC), finally lysing bacteria. But it only works on the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. The cell wall of gram positive bacteria is too thick to make a pore.
  5. 8. a type of white blood cell, granulocytes. They are the 1st immune cells to arrive infected tissue. When inflammation happens, they migrate through the blood vessels wall to damaged tissue by following chemotactic gradient, then phagocytose invading microbes.
  6. 9. proteins on host surface for phagocytic cells recognizing pathogens PAMPs
  7. 10. a substance released by mast cells when inflammation happens. This substance can dilate blood vessels and increase capillary permeability.
Down
  1. 1. innate immunity process that white blood cells “eat” foreign matter. It involves recognition, adherence, ingestion, digestion, and discharge.
  2. 2. host mechanism to help phagocytes “catch” the invading microbes by coating plasma proteins or antibodies on the surface of microbes.
  3. 4. a protective response that is characterized by redness, swelling, heat and pain in damaged tissue.
  4. 5. an important class of immune signaling molecules that are released by virally infected cells. They can notify nearby cells to reduce protein synthesis by destroying RNA already produced and stopping mRNA production, which inhibits viral production and spread.
  5. 7. a system that plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses. It involves over 30 proteins produced by the liver, and circulates in the blood. Its activations are cascades, and can be activated through classical pathway, lectin pathway, and alternative pathway .