Across
- 7. The Fourteenth Amendment provided a constitutional basis for ________ intervention to protect those rights.
- 8. The Civil Rights Act of 1867 was the first United States federal law to define ________ and affirm that all citizens were equally protected by the law.
- 14. Under President Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan, a southern state could be readmitted once 10 percent of its voters took an oath of _________ to the Union and accepted the end of slavery.
- 17. Lincoln’s was a relatively ________ plan intended to quickly reintegrate the southern states into the Union without imposing harsh punishments.
- 19. The ________ Amendment prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
- 21. The withdrawal of federal troops and the end of Reconstruction led to the rise of ________ ________ laws and widespread discrimination against African Americans.
- 23. The three Reconstruction amendments altered American life by legally ending slavery, providing citizenship and equal rights to African Americans, and attempting to secure their ________ participation.
- 24. Johnson’s actions emboldened Southern states to enact ________ ________ to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans.
- 29. The Fourteenth Amendment granted ________ to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including former enslaved persons.
- 31. Rebuilding the economy and addressing issues such as land ________ for freed African Americans was a major challenge.
- 32. The Fourteenth Amendment ensured that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny any person equal ________ under the law.
- 34. Johnson vetoed the _______ Bureau Bill and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which were aimed at securing rights and protections for African Americans.
- 35. The abolition of slavery was a central goal of the Reconstruction era, aimed at dismantling the economic and social foundations of the ________.
- 42. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly ________, shall exist within the United States.
- 43. The period of time when the federal government dealt with the effects of the Civil War, 1865 to 1877, is known as __________.
- 45. Deeply entrenched racial prejudices and social _______ posed significant obstacles to achieving meaningful social change.
- 46. It wasn't until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s that further legislative action was taken to address racial ________ in the United States.
- 47. Severe acts of terrorism were committed against African Americans in the South by such organizations as the _________.
- 48. Johnson granted ________ to many former Confederates.
- 50. The period of time when the federal government dealt with the effects of the Civil War from 1865-1877
- 51. Southern resistance hindered the ________ of reforms and threatened the safety and rights of African Americans.
- 52. The beneficial impact of Reconstruction for African Americans became limited by the eventual ________ of federal troops in 1877.
Down
- 1. Despite the granting of citizenship and equal protection under the law, African Americans faced widespread _______.
- 2. Johnson’s approach ________ significantly from Lincoln’s in his resistance to civil rights for freed slaves.
- 3. The impact of the Reconstruction and Civil Rights acts was limited by Southern ________ and the eventual withdrawal of federal troops in 1877.
- 4. Secure the right to vote, own property, and access education for the newly _________ African Americans.
- 5. The Fifteenth Amendment aimed to ________ African American men, granting them the right to vote and participate in the political process.
- 6. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibited ________ in public accommodations and facilities, such as hotels, theaters, and transportation.
- 9. It wasn’t until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s that further legislative action was taken to address ________ ________ in the United States.
- 10. It was also necessary to rebuild the Southern ________, which had been devastated by the Civil War.
- 11. The abolition of slavery was a significant legal and social ________.
- 12. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was intended to protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights, regardless of ________.
- 13. Disagreements, political tensions, and conflicts emerged over the ________ of the newly freed African Americans.
- 15. Reconstruction involved ________ development and federal assistance to former Confederate states.
- 16. Despite this amendment, African Americans still faced significant barriers to voting, including ________ practices such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and intimidation tactics.
- 18. The process for readmitting Confederate states to the Union was defined by the ________ ________ of 1867.
- 20. The primary __________ was to bring the Southern states back into the Union and restore their representation in Congress.
- 22. The Reconstruction Amendments provided a constitutional basis for federal ________ to protect those rights.
- 25. Republicans in Congress also wanted to secure ________ ________ for newly emancipated African Americans, including the right to vote, own property, and access education.
- 26. The Fourteenth Amendment ensured that state could not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without _______ process of law.
- 27. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall ________ the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States
- 28. The new state governments established in the South were also required to include ________ ________ participation.
- 30. Johnson’s plan, similar to Lincoln’s plan, is often referred to as ________ Reconstruction.
- 33. The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, ethnicity, or previous condition of ________.
- 36. President Lincoln’s approach to Reconstruction was characterized by a desire for leniency and ________.
- 37. Bring the Southern states back into the Union and restore their ________ in Congress.
- 38. Under the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 seceded states were required to ratify the ________ Amendment as a condition of their readmission.
- 39. A frequent source of contention between the states and the federal government was the extent of federal ________ in enforcing Reconstruction policies.
- 40. President Johnson took a more lenient approach towards the Southern states than many in ________ desired.
- 41. One major political challenge facing the federal government during Reconstruction was ________ the Southern states back into the Union.
- 44. The ________ Amendment abolished slavery in the U.S. – a significant legal and social transformation.
- 49. Between May and December of 1865, Congress was not in session, giving President ________ control over Reconstruction.