Introduction to Genetics

4. The set of genes in DNA which is responsible for a particular trait.
5. Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins. Their sequence in a protein and hence protein function are determined by the genetic code.
7. A full set of genetic material consisting of paired chromosomes, one from each parental set (2N).
8. The position on a chromosome of a gene or other chromosome marker; also, the DNA at that position.
10. A set of genetic determinants located on a single chromosome.
12. Traits or diseases associated with the X or Y chromosome; generally seen in males.
13. The process by which a gene's coded information is converted into the structures present and operating in the cell.
14. Describes an organism that has two identical alleles of a gene.
16. The expression of the genotype and the environment.
17. Describes alleles that only show their effect in the individual has two copies of that allele.

1. The study of inheritance patterns of specific traits.
2. A single set of chromosomes (half the full set of genetic material) present in the egg and sperm cells of animals and in the egg and pollen cells of plants (N).
3. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into a thread-like structure called a _____. Each one is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
6. Describes alleles that show their effect even if the individual only has one copy of the allele.
9. Describes an organism that has two different alleles of a gene.
11. A variant form of a gene. Humans are called diploid organisms because they have two ____s at each genetic locus, with one ____ inherited from each parent.
15. The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. An ordered sequence of nucleotides located in a particular position on a particular chromosome that encodes a specific functional product (i.e., a protein or RNA molecule).