Across
- 4. Group of immigrants, many of whom were targeted for discrimination in New York and Boston, who became oppressors of others on the West Coast.
- 6. The political party led by Denis Kearney.
- 8. What the Border Patrol and INS collectively constructed over time.
- 10. Mexican citizens whose presence predated the Mexican-American War.
- 11. The process that established principles or rules upon which future laws can build (plural).
- 13. The political party led by Denis Kearney that was key in the anti-Chinese movement on the West Coast.
- 14. Laws of today are connected to those of ___.
- 15. The nationality of migrants who arrived in California in tandem with Chinese migrants.
- 16. System created by Chinese immigrants to circumvent legal barriers using false identities and documents claiming kinship with US citizens.
- 18. The group that became the main oppressors of Chinese migrants on the West Coast, though they were targeted for discrimination elsewhere.
- 21. In the absence of federal rules, state and territorial governments engaged in this process to try and keep immigrants out.
- 23. An East Coast state with mid-nineteenth-century regulations to prevent poor Irish Catholics from entering.
- 24. The 1882 act that serves as a key starting point for US immigration law history.
- 25. The nationality of the famine migrants that led to state regulations in New York and Massachusetts.
- 26. Name for the feeling or belief that native-born citizens are superior to immigrants.
- 27. Congressional lawmakers and administrative officials created these.
Down
- 1. The state on which the workshop primarily focused.
- 2. Process by which an immigrant becomes a US citizen, also a focus of US immigration law.
- 3. The main ethnic group targeted by the Workingmen's Party.
- 5. The war that preceded the struggle of Californios to secure their place in the US.
- 7. Early US agency (precursor to today's ICE) whose practices helped transform the border from a "line in the sand." (Abbr.)
- 9. The territory where it was illegal for any "Negro" or "mulatto" to reside from 1848 to 1854.
- 10. The group Chinese immigrants claimed kinship with to gain entry in the "paper son" system.
- 12. The second East Coast state mentioned with regulations to discourage poor Irish Catholics.
- 17. Decade in which anti-Catholicism and the Know-Nothing movement were prominent nationally, but was also significant for Californios.
- 19. The first point the author makes: This fundamentally shapes the immigration histories we tell.
- 20. West Coast city and state where the author taught a workshop using the region as a primary case study.
- 22. City in Wyoming where Chinese miners fought off violence.