Across
- 1. Granulocytes that release histamine and are involved in allergic responses.
- 4. Proteins produced in response to toxins that help neutralize their effects.
- 7. The process in which immune cells engulf and digest harmful microorganisms.
- 9. A weakened or inactive form of a pathogen used to stimulate an immune response.
- 11. The branch of science that studies the immune system and its functions.
- 14. A virologist who co-discovered HIV and its link to AIDS.
- 15. A rapid immune response that occurs upon second exposure to the same antigen.
- 17. Small proteins that act as chemical messengers in the immune system.
- 18. Moist tissues lining the respiratory and digestive tracts that act as a barrier against pathogens.
- 21. Immune cells that process and present antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response.
- 23. This scientist renamed the HIV virus and contributed to research on retroviruses.
- 26. A severe allergic reaction that can lead to life-threatening symptoms.
- 27. The largest type of white blood cell that differentiates into macrophages in tissues.
- 28. She developed the radioimmunoassay (RIA), a breakthrough in detecting small biological molecules.
- 29. The organ responsible for filtering blood and removing old red blood cells.
- 33. Proteins produced by B cells that help neutralize pathogens.
- 35. He coined the term "anaphylaxis" to describe severe allergic reactions.
- 36. Small proteins secreted by immune cells that regulate immune responses.
- 37. The most abundant type of white blood cell that helps fight infections by engulfing bacteria.
- 38. A specialized immune organ in birds where B cells mature.
- 39. The scientist who first described the process of opsonization, enhancing phagocytosis.
- 40. Cells responsible for engulfing and digesting harmful microorganisms.
Down
- 2. The body’s first line of defense that acts as a physical barrier against pathogens.
- 3. The scientist who discovered the ABO blood group system.
- 5. The scientist who discovered interferons, proteins that interfere with viral replication.
- 6. A group of proteins that enhance the immune system’s ability to clear pathogens.
- 8. An organ located in the chest where T lymphocytes mature.
- 10. Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the throat that help trap and fight infections.
- 12. The scientist who introduced the concept of cellular immunity through phagocytosis.
- 13. A reaction of the body’s immune system to infection or injury, causing redness and swelling.
- 16. Immune cells capable of destroying abnormal cells, such as cancer cells.
- 19. A Greek historian who documented the first recorded observation of immunity during the plague of Athens.
- 20. He determined the polypeptide structure of antibodies, laying the foundation for immunology research.
- 22. White blood cells that play a key role in fighting parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
- 24. A type of blood cell involved in the body’s immune response and defense against infection.
- 25. The scientist who developed the first successful smallpox vaccine.
- 30. The scientist who proposed the Germ Theory of Disease.
- 31. This scientist discovered the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, leading to improved disease control.
- 32. A complex of genes that helps regulate immune system responses and organ transplants.
- 34. The scientist who pioneered the concept of chemotherapy for treating diseases.