Middle Ages / Renaissance Crossword

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Across
  1. 5. A poor peasant farmer who was legally bound to the lord’s land and owed labor and dues.
  2. 8. A church court in Spain that sought to find and punish heretics, especially Jews and Muslims.
  3. 10. Nomadic warriors from Central Asia who built a huge empire under leaders like Genghis Khan.
  4. 11. Groups of peoples like the Visigoths and Vandals who helped bring down the Western Roman Empire.
  5. 12. The practice of lending money and charging high interest, often condemned by the medieval Church.
  6. 15. A 1215 English charter that limited the king’s power and established the idea of basic rights.
  7. 18. The code of conduct that guided medieval knights, stressing bravery, honor, and protection of the weak.
  8. 19. Describing an ideal, perfect society that does not exist in reality.
  9. 20. A nomadic people from Central Asia who invaded central Europe and later founded Hungary.
  10. 21. Relating to the Middle Ages, the period in Europe between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance.
  11. 22. A Renaissance intellectual movement that focused on human potential, achievement, and classical learning.
  12. 23. A wealthy person who financially supported artists, writers, or scholars during the Renaissance.
  13. 24. A legal system based on custom, court decisions, and precedents rather than written codes.
Down
  1. 1. A powerful Germanic kingdom in Western Europe, led by rulers like Clovis and Charlemagne.
  2. 2. A grant of land given to a vassal by a lord in exchange for loyalty and service.
  3. 3. A long series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453.
  4. 4. Concerned with worldly rather than religious matters.
  5. 6. A large estate including a lord’s house, farmland, and villages; the basic unit of feudal life.
  6. 7. Germanic peoples who settled in England after the fall of Rome and formed early English kingdoms.
  7. 9. The political and social system in medieval Europe based on land in exchange for loyalty and service.
  8. 13. A lesser lord in feudalism who swore loyalty and military service to a more powerful lord.
  9. 14. A deadly outbreak of bubonic plague in the 14th century that killed millions in Europe.
  10. 16. A European period of renewed interest in classical learning, art, and human achievement.
  11. 17. A series of religious wars launched by European Christians to capture the Holy Land from Muslims.