Ivan Van - Period 2-5 Review Crossword Puzzle 3

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Across
  1. 2. This party was largely focused on the single issue of opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories of the United States. It later merged into the Republican Party.
  2. 5. This clause only allowed a man to vote if his grandfather or father had voted prior to January 1, 1867; at that time, most African Americans had been slaves, therefore causing most African Americans to be ineligible to vote while excluding whites from poll taxes and literacy tests.
  3. 8. A phrase commonly used to restrict the increasing hire of Irish Immigrants. People were complaining that they were taking the "white mans" jobs.
  4. 9. This treaty ended the war between the United States and Mexico. By its terms, Mexico had to ceded 55 percent of its territory, including parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States; expanding the US by 1/3 and opening debates over slavery.
  5. 13. An unwritten deal, informally arranged among U.S. Congressmen, that settled the intensely disputed 1876 presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and ending the Reconstruction Era
  6. 17. This bill required that 50 percent of a confederate state's white males to take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union. In addition, states were required to give blacks the right to vote. However, this was pocket vetoed by Lincoln and never went into effect.
  7. 19. A legal arrangement with regard to agricultural land in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Usually the tenant were overcharged and left in debt, basically making them slaves against but in a legal sense.
  8. 21. This act repealed the Missouri Compromise, created two new territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and allowed for popular sovereignty. producing a violent uprising known as “Bleeding Kansas,” as proslavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote.
  9. 24. Occurring or existing before a particular war, especially the American Civil War.
  10. 25. The result of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, 16,000 Native Americans were marched over 1,200 miles of rugged land. Over 4,000 of these Indians died of disease, famine, and warfare.
  11. 27. A tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote, usually used in order to prevent blacks from voting (due to most of them being poor).
  12. 28. A war between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The principal cause of the war was the status of slavery in the United States, especially in the territories.
  13. 30. A Supreme Court Decision which states that slaves are not citizens and could not sue and that slaves were property and therefore could not be taken away without due process (congress could not abolish slavery), and finally stated that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, this opened the north to slavery.
  14. 33. amendment that abolished slavery
  15. 34. A package of separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. Included: California is a free state, slave trade is abolished in DC, popular sovereignty determines whether Kansas and Nebraska are free or slave states, and North has to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act.
  16. 36. A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote as most blacks were illiterate.
  17. 37. Also known as Custer’s Last Stand, was a war culminated in June 1876, when Colonel George A. Custer and all his men invaded and were killed by Sioux Indians at this battle in southern Montana, after gold was found on the reservation.
  18. 38. A group that was organized after the Civil war to initiate white supremacy. The Southern establishment of white men took charge by passing discriminatory laws known as the black codes. These codes gave whites almost unlimited power over freed blacks. The KKK masked themselves and burned black churches, schools, and terrorized black people.
  19. 40. Amendment that granted citizenship and equal protection of the law (due process) for African Americans, overturned the Dred Scott Decision. No Ex-Confederates could hold US office.
  20. 41. An important agency of early Reconstruction established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War.
  21. 42. Provided suffrage for African American males.
  22. 43. The political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants, including the support of immigration-restriction measures. Usually come in the form of hate towards immigrants.
  23. 45. The period after the American Civil War, during which the United States grappled with the challenges of reintegrating into the Union the states that had seceded and determining the legal status of African Americans.
  24. 46. A movement largely based in the United States which sought to gain equal rights and opportunities and greater personal freedom for women such as suffrage.
  25. 47. The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are the source of all political power.
Down
  1. 1. An unsuccessful 1846 proposal in the United States Congress to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican–American War. Was one of the major events leading to the American Civil War.
  2. 3. Issued on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. This proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
  3. 4. An act that was part of the Compromise of 1850. The act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state. The act also made the federal government responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves.
  4. 6. A series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" in the United States through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies.
  5. 7. An invention by Samuel Morse that used a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire. It connected the differnet hemispheres of the world, allowing for more communication between people.
  6. 10. One of two major political parties in the United States. Founded as a coalition opposing the extension of slavery into Western territories, this party fought to protect the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.
  7. 11. Laws created by white southerners to enforce racial segregation across the South. Restricted actions of freed blacks in the South.
  8. 12. a conflict between the United States and Mexico, stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (the Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (the U.S. claim). This war ended through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
  9. 14. An abolitionist society whos goals were to convince both white Southerners and Northerners of slavery's inhumanity. The organization sent lecturers across the North to convince people of slavery's brutality. The speakers hoped to convince people that slavery was immoral and ungodly and thus should be outlawed.
  10. 15. Enacted during the Civil War, this act provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. Claimants were required to “improve” the plot by building a dwelling and cultivating the land.
  11. 16. One of the most infamous political machines in American history, this Democratic Party machine played a major role in controlling New York City and New York politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s.
  12. 18. The election in which Union's victory and election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was guaranteed, due to high voter counts in the North and split democratic candidates. This started the civil war as the South threatened to secede if Abraham Lincoln was elected, which inevitably happened.
  13. 20. Militant American abolitionist John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia in hopes that it would spark a slave rebellion, ultimately failed and were caught and hanged soon after.
  14. 22. A federal Law in which Prohibited the President from removing a member of his cabinet without seeking approval of Senate. President Johnson was impeached for violating this act.
  15. 23. The group European immigrants who came mainly from Northern and Central Europe (Germany and England), they were mostly protestant and they came in groups of families they were highly skilled, older in age, and had moderate amount of money in addition, they were quick to assimilate with the American citizens.
  16. 26. A violent beating from Representative Preston Brooks on Senator Charles Sumner after Sumner two days earlier in which he fiercely criticized slaveholders, including a relative of Brooks, Andrew Butler. Contributed significantly to the country's polarization over the issue of slavery and has been considered symbolic of the "breakdown of reasoned discourse" and the use of violence that eventually led to the Civil War.
  17. 29. On November 29, 1864, roughly 700 federal troops attacked a village of 500 Cheyenne and Arapaho. An unprovoked attack on men, women, and children, the massacre marked a turning point in the relationship between American Indian tribes and the Federal Government.
  18. 31. A group of younger mostly male dominant immigrants, coming from Eastern and Southern Europe from countries like Italy, Poland, Greece, Russia in search of Economic opportunities, but most of them never intended to become American citizen, they were either catholic, orthodox, or Jewish they came impoverished, unskilled, and illiterate also most of these immigrants came separately as a form of smaller groups or individuals like a father and son or single men who were looking for jobs.
  19. 32. An unrecognized breakaway state in existence, that fought against the United States of America during the American Civil War. An explicitly white-supremacist, pro-slavery, and antidemocratic nation-state, dedicated to the principle that all men are not created equal.
  20. 35. A nativist group that was created to combat foreign influences and to uphold and promote traditional American ways. They wanted to ban Catholics from holding offices and called for tougher immigration and naturalization laws.
  21. 39. A mini civil war between pro- and anti-slavery forces that occurred in Kansas from 1856 to 1865. Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, thousands of Northerners and Southerners came to the newly created Kansas Territory, resulting in extreme tensions and violent civil confrontations.
  22. 44. The remaining Americans (Northerners) that stayed within the United States after the secession of the Southern States. They opposed slavery, but originally was fighting the Civil War simply to keep the nation intact.