Jamaican English & Culture

2. The widely spoken Jamaican dialect influenced by English, West African, and other languages.
4. A poet and cultural icon who promoted the use of Jamaican Patois in literature.
6. The study of speech sounds; Jamaican Patois has distinct pronunciations.
7. The first inhabitants of Jamaica, some of whose words are still used today.
9. Wise sayings passed down through generations, often in Patois.
10. A regional or social variety of a language, like Jamaican Patois.
12. A global music genre that uses a mix of English and Patois in lyrics.
14. Jamaica gained this in 1962, increasing national pride in language.
15. Expressions that have meanings different from their literal words.
16. A trickster spider from Jamaican folklore whose stories are passed down in both English and Patois.

1. Large farms where English was used by enslavers and adapted by the enslaved.
3. A style of poetry performed in rhythm, often mixing Patois and English.
5. The formal version of English used in education and official settings.
8. The ability to switch between Standard English and Patois.
11. A mix of English and African languages that developed among enslaved people.
13. The vocabulary of a language, including words unique to Jamaican English.