John Jeffery Geologist Vocabulary

2. Fault A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward.
5. The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
6. A break in Earth’s crust where slabs of rock slip past each other.
8. hardness scale A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals.
9. The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents.
12. A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
14. rock A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
16. Type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
17. tectonics The theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.

1. Boundary- A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
3. Fault A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion.
4. Type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
7. Fault A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward.
10. Current- The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another.
11. A scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth.
13. Boundary- A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
15. The point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus.