Across
- 3. President who signed the Clear Air Act into law.
- 4. Program created to clean up the nation’s numerous abandoned hazardous waste sites. This program has regularly overrun projected costs and the needs continue to outstrip the resources devoted to it.
- 5. An approach towards development that seeks to create systems that are able to meet the needs of the present while preserving resources for use in the future. Contains economic, social, and environmental elements.
- 7. (acronym) A poorly defined term from the 1972 Clean Water Act that determines what bodies of water the regulations of Section 404 apply to as being regulated by the EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers.
- 10. Report that weighs the potential upsides of an environmental program to the expense in carrying it out. Typically considered a fundamental part of the analysis of proposed environmental policy. A frequent target of criticism by both industry and activists. Frequently ignored by policymakers if conclusions are not the same as those desired.
- 12. An insight tested by Lanoie et al. (2011) that states that pollution is a manifestation of economic waste and as such properly designed environmental regulation will offset the cost of that regulation through innovation and compliance.
- 13. An organized body devoted to a particular viewpoint whose primary aim is influencing the policy outcomes of a government. Examples include the Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility and the Atomic Industrial Forum.
- 14. According to Heink and Kowarik (2010), a component or measure of environmentally relevant phenomena used to depict or evaluate environmental conditions or changes or to set environmental goals.
- 15. The political theory that governance takes place at many level (local, state, national) and that lower-level governance is subordinate to higher-level governance. The style of government found in the United States, Spain, and Germany (among others).
- 20. EPA document that gives insight into environmental measures and indicators around the United States. Published in an online only form since the 2010s.
Down
- 1. A concept originally defined by the EPA in 1994 as “the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race color, national origin, or income with respect ot the development, implementation, or enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.” Implemented by Executive Order 12898 for federal policymaking as a consideration.
- 2. The first administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Served a second term under Reagan.
- 6. An approach to policy making that seeks to make technical adjustments that are relatively small with a goal towards minimizing policy and political risk. An approach in opposition to innovative legislation. The approach of the United States Congress towards environmental policy over the last 30 years.
- 8. According to Robertson and Hull (2003), an approach to environmental inquiry that combines science and policy as well as process and content in a post-modern, post-normal scientific method approach.
- 9. A poorly defined term from the 1956 Federal Water Pollution Control Act that determines what the regulations of the law apply to. Disputes about the meanings of this term (the _____ _______ Protection Rule) were initiated by the Obama Administration, weakened by the Trump Administration, and revived by the Biden Administration.
- 11. A theory put forward by Hardin (1968) that public goods will be misused in a pure capitalist environment due to the prioritization of individual gain over the collective good.
- 16. Annual event whose first occurrence in 1970 is commonly considered the starting point of the American environmental movement.
- 17. (acronym) Commission created by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 as a commission to advise the president on environmental matters. Typically considered to have little influence or power in the environmental policymaking process.
- 18. A movement in environmentalism that sees human begins as a part of nature and that challenges the fundamental institutional structure sand social values on which contemporary society is constituted. A mid-point between mainstream environmentalism and radical environmentalism according to Rosenbaum (2020).
- 19. (acronym) Commission created in1976 to regulate the nonmilitary uses of nuclear facilities and materials. Charged with regulating all aspects of nuclear design and regulation, managing nuclear waste, overseeing uranium mining, and decommissioning closing facilities.