Across
- 2. , (1825-1891 CE) the second and last emperor of the Empire of Brazil; known for modernizing and stabilizing Brazil; often considered one of the greatest Brazilians of all time
- 3. WAR, (1775-1781 CE, Treaty signed 1783) the war for American independence from Great Britain
- 4. (1564-1642 CE) Italian scientist who confirmed Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory; first scientist to use a telescope to study the stars
- 6. belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
- 9. murderous phase of the French Revolution from September 1793 until the fall of Robespierre in 1794; its purpose was to purge France of enemies of the Revolution and protect the country from foreign invaders with as many as 40,000 persons executed
- 10. also called Putting-out System, production system widespread in 17th-century western Europe in which merchant-employers "put out" materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes to convert materials into products; replaced by the Industrial Revolution
- 12. (1857 CE) local Indian rebellion against the British East India Company in India; started as a military rebellion of the sepoys and expanded into various local civilian rebellions throughout the subcontinent; despite the British East India Company's victory, the company was shut down by the British Parliament
- 14. (1899-1901 CE) Chinese uprising led by peasants known as "Boxers" opposed to foreign influence and the Qing Dynasty
- 16. European rush to colonize parts of Africa at the end of the 19th Century
- 18. French quasi-parliamentary body called in 1789 to deal with the financial problems that afflicted France; (had not met since 1614)
- 19. a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority of his/her nation without restrictions by laws, legislatures or customs; based on the concept of the "Divine Right of Kings"
- 23. (1814-1815 CE) International conference to reorganize Europe after the downfall of Napoleon Bonaparte; at the conference, European monarchies agreed to respect each other's borders and to cooperate in guarding against future revolutions and war
- 24. an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
- 25. wave of panic that swept French peasants at the start of the French Revolution in 1789 CE
- 26. (1759-1842 CE) Chinese trade policy; established in 1759 CE, the Canton System restricted European trade in China to the port of Canton and required European traders to have Chinese guild merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees
- 27. the Enlightenment belief in a passive God that created the universe but did not interfere in its day-to-day existence
- 28. the decisive battle that ended Napoleon Bonaparte's reign as the Emperor of the French in 1815; British and Prussian forces defeated French forces at Waterloo in Belgium
- 29. a form of national government in which the power of the monarch (the king or queen) is restrained by a parliament, by law, or by custom
Down
- 1. social structure in France before 1789 consisting of an absolute monarchy; period of 175 years when the King of France refused to call on the Estates-General
- 3. (1774-1848 CE) a period of significant revolutionary movements in Europe and the Americas; noted for its changes from absolutist monarchies to constitutional states and republics
- 5. (1685-1815 CE) intellectual movement in 18th Century Europe stressing natural laws and reason as the basis of authority
- 7. created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured in July 1793—formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror (1793-94)
- 8. (1884 CE) conference held in Berlin, Germany that regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power
- 11. , term used to describe the 18th Century English farmers' practice of "enclosing their farms" to experiment with crops and animals and to convert public lands to commercial agriculture
- 13. , 17th and 18th Century European absolute monarchs who pursued legal, social, and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment
- 15. (1688-1689 CE) the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians and the Dutch Prince William of Orange; led to the installment of King James II's daughter (Mary) and son-in-law (William) as co-regents of England
- 17. (1561-1626 CE) English statesman who encouraged the use of inductive logic during the Scientific Revolution
- 20. (1858-1947 CE) rule of the British monarchy in India following the Great Indian Rebellion of 1857; also known as Crown Rule or Direct Rule
- 21. (1889-1947 CE) representative assembly of Japan formed during the Meiji Restoration
- 22. astronomy theory that established the sun, rather than the earth, as the center of the solar system; Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei