Across
- 3. A scientific organisation founded in 1660 to promote new scientific ideas and research. It helped spread medical knowledge through experiments and publications like Philosophical Transactions.
- 4. The process of identifying an illness or disease by studying a patient’s symptoms and signs.
- 8. Born in 1515, this was an anatomist who studied human anatomy by dissecting bodies. He proved that some of Galen’s ideas were wrong and published “The Fabric of the Human Body” in 1543.
- 9. The period from about 1500 to 1700 when new ideas and discoveries about medicine began to challenge old beliefs from the Middle Ages. Doctors and scientists studied the human body more carefully using observation, experiment, and dissection.
- 10. The study of how the body works, including how organs and systems function.
- 11. Born 1624, this was an English doctor known as the “English Hippocrates.” He believed in observing patients carefully and recording symptoms rather than relying only on old theories.
Down
- 1. An ancient Greek theory that the body was made up of four fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. People believed that illness was caused by an imbalance of these humours.
- 2. Born 1578, this was an English doctor who discovered that blood circulates around the body, pumped by the heart — proving Galen’s ideas about blood movement were wrong.
- 4. The cutting open of a body (usually a dead one) to study its internal parts and learn about anatomy.
- 5. The belief that disease was caused by bad air or poisonous fumes, especially from rotting matter. This was a common idea before germs were discovered.
- 6. The study of the structure of the human body — what it is made of and how its parts are arranged.
- 7. A trained doctor who diagnoses and treats illnesses, usually someone educated at university rather than a surgeon or apothecary.