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Across
  1. 1. A situation where many depositors withdraw their money at the same time due to fear of a bank failure.
  2. 4. A decrease in the general price level of goods and services.
  3. 7. The Federal Open Market Committee, which oversees open market operations.
  4. 9. The ability of money to buy goods and services.
  5. 10. The buying and selling of government securities to regulate money supply.
  6. 13. The cost of borrowing money, usually expressed as a percentage.
  7. 14. The value of one currency compared to another.
  8. 15. The profit made by a government when issuing currency.
  9. 17. The interest rate at which central banks lend money to commercial banks.
  10. 18. Money in checking accounts that can be withdrawn anytime.
  11. 22. The rate at which money changes hands in the economy.
  12. 23. Extremely rapid or out-of-control inflation.
  13. 25. The ease with which an asset can be converted into cash.
  14. 26. Actions by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates.
  15. 27. Government policies on taxation and spending to influence the economy.
  16. 29. A system where a country's currency value is fixed to another currency.
  17. 32. Instruments used by the central bank to manage money supply.
  18. 34. Money that must be accepted as payment by law.
  19. 35. A broader measure of money supply including M1 and savings deposits.
  20. 38. The economic theory that money supply is the key driver of economic performance.
  21. 39. The general rise in the price level of goods and services over time.
  22. 40. The total amount of a country's currency and reserves held by banks.
Down
  1. 2. The interest rate after adjusting for inflation.
  2. 3. The central banking system of the United States.
  3. 5. The minimum amount of reserves a bank must hold by law.
  4. 6. The total amount of money available in an economy.
  5. 8. Paper money and coins in circulation.
  6. 11. A measure of money supply that includes cash and checking deposits.
  7. 12. An institution that connects savers and borrowers, like banks.
  8. 16. A combination of high inflation and stagnant economic growth.
  9. 19. A type of money that has value because the government says it does.
  10. 20. A fixed-income investment that represents a loan made by an investor.
  11. 21. The process by which banks increase the money supply by lending.
  12. 24. The total value of all goods and services produced within a country.
  13. 28. The institution responsible for controlling a nation's money supply.
  14. 30. Money borrowed that must be repaid with interest.
  15. 31. Rate The interest rate before adjusting for inflation.
  16. 33. Money that has intrinsic value, such as gold or silver.
  17. 36. A system where the value of money is backed by a specific amount of gold.
  18. 37. A bank deposit that cannot be withdrawn before a certain period.