Across
- 2. the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
- 4. heat never spontaneously flows from a lower-temperature substance to a higher-temperature substance, also all systems tend to become more and more disordered as time goes by
- 5. the total energy (kinetic plus potential) of the submicroscopic particles that make up a substance (often called internal energy)
- 6. the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree
- 7. the thermal energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature, commonly measured in calories or joules
- 9. the study of heat and its transformation into different forms of energy
- 10. the transfer of thermal energy in a gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid
Down
- 1. the transfer of energy by means of electromagnetic waves
- 3. no system can reach absolute zero
- 8. the transfer of thermal energy by molecular and electronic collisions within a substance (especially within a solid)