Land Claims and Modern Treaties

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Across
  1. 2. Frank Calder and the Nisga'a Tribal Council brought this historic case forward.
  2. 4. This treaty allowed the nation to pursue significant economic development on their lands near the Deltaport.
  3. 5. Under many modern treaties, Indigenous groups own land in "______ Simple," meaning they have full ownership rather than holding it as a reserve under the Indian Act.
  4. 6. Modern treaties are generally tri-partite agreements between the Indigenous group, the federal government, and the ______ (or territory).
  5. 9. Comprehensive claims arise from "traditional use and ___________" where rights were not extinguished.
  6. 11. As of _________ 2024, the most recent modern treaty was signed with the latest treaty Métis (Manitoba Métis Federation).
  7. 12. Often spelled Nisga'a. It marked a major shift away from the Indian Act for the Nisga'a people.
  8. 15. A core theme in the presentation is that "We are all ______ people," regardless of when our families arrived in Canada.
  9. 17. Located in the Beaufort Sea region; the __________ Regional Corporation manages the benefits.
  10. 18. The term used to describe individuals who are enrolled in and entitled to benefits from a specific land claim agreement.
  11. 19. Modern treaty settlements have recognized Indigenous ownership of over ______ thousand square kilometres of land in Canada.
Down
  1. 1. Section 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867 gives the federal government authority over "Indians, and ______ reserved for the Indians"
  2. 2. These are distinct from "Specific Claims," which deal with grievances over the non-fulfillment of historic treaties.
  3. 3. BAY Signed by the Cree and Inuit of Northern Quebec following disputes over a massive hydroelectric project.
  4. 7. ______ Claims originate from the government's failure to fulfill obligations under historic treaties or the Indian Act (mismanagement of funds).
  5. 8. Often, Indigenous groups will own a smaller percentage of ____________ rights compared to their surface land holdings.
  6. 10. Current modern treaties cover over ______ percent of Canada's land mass.
  7. 12. This agreement led to the creation of the Territory of Nunavut on April 1, 1999.
  8. 13. The James Bay and Northern Québec Agreementis unique for having ____________ as a signatory due to the hydroelectric development involved.
  9. 14. STATUS Unlike historic reserves, modern treaties often ______ ________ the application of the Indian Act for the signatory nation, replacing it with self-government.
  10. 15. These funds are often used to establish trust funds or economic development corporations for the nation.
  11. 16. Historically, this was achieved by "extinguishing" rights; today, newer legal techniques are used to achieve certainty without blanket extinguishment.