Across
- 6. Linguistics: A linguistic framework that views language structure as emerging from its communicative functions and general cognitive abilities.
- 8. Evidence: Explicit correction or information about ungrammatical sentences (considered rare in child-directed speech).
- 10. Stress: The pattern of emphasis on syllables within words.
- 11. Development: The process of acquiring the rules and structures of a language's syntax and morphology.
- 16. Using a word in a more specific or restricted way than adults.
- 17. Mapping: The ability to learn a new word with minimal exposure.
- 20. Bootstrapping: The hypothesis that infants use prosodic cues (e.g., intonation, stress) to identify syntactic structure.
- 23. Using a word to refer to a broader range of objects or concepts than adults.
- 24. The application of regular grammatical rules to irregular forms (e.g., "goed" instead of "went").
- 25. Perception: The process by which listeners identify and interpret the sounds of speech.
- 27. Exclusivity Assumption: A proposed word learning constraint where children assume that each object has only one name.
Down
- 1. Grammar(UG): A theoretical construct in nativist linguistics proposing an innate set of linguistic principles and parameters common to all human languages.
- 2. Evidence: Grammatical sentences that a language learner hears.
- 3. Factors: Internal, innate characteristics or abilities that influence development.
- 4. Spurt: A hypothesized period of rapid increase in the number of words a child learns.
- 5. Models: Computational models inspired by the structure of the brain, using interconnected nodes to learn patterns from data.
- 7. Development: The process of learning the meaning and use of words.
- 9. Faculty: A theoretical concept referring to a distinct, specialized cognitive system dedicated to language.
- 12. Length of Utterance(MLU): A measure of linguistic productivity, calculated by the average number of morphemes per utterance.
- 13. Psycholinguistics: The field that studies the psychological processes involved in children's acquisition and use of language.
- 14. Bias: The tendency for children's early vocabularies to be dominated by nouns.
- 15. Theory: A perspective on language acquisition that emphasizes the role of language use, frequency, and communicative context in shaping linguistic knowledge.
- 18. Segmentation: The process of identifying individual words within continuous speech.
- 19. Factors: External, environmental influences that shape development.
- 21. of Mind: The idea that the mind is composed of independent, domain-specific modules that operate autonomously.
- 22. of the Stimulus: the linguistic input available to children is too limited and imperfect to fully account for their complex grammatical knowledge.
- 26. Child Language Data Exchange System): A large database of transcribed child language samples used for research.