Laser Safety

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Across
  1. 3. One hazard of Laser light is that it can deposit a lot of _____ within a small area.
  2. 5. Always assume the potential for a beam that is hazardous unless you have taken precautions, like _____/tagout.
  3. 8. Higher class _____ imply greater hazards. Class 4 denotes the highest hazard while Class 1 denotes the lowest level of concern.
  4. 10. Bar code scanners are examples of Class 2 lasers. Viewing directly for long periods of time or with an optical aid increases the _____.
  5. 13. ____ to deep layers of the cornea can result in permanent changes
  6. 14. Lasers emit light that is highly directional: a relatively narrow _____ in a specific direction.
  7. 15. Know emergency procedures. When dealing with high-powered lasers ask yourself "Do I know where the emergency _____ button is?
  8. 21. Fumes and vapors from laser use may be unhealthy to breathe. Use exhaust systems and respiratory _____ as needed.
  9. 24. Ordinary _____ light, such as light from a light bulb, is emitted in many directions away from the source
  10. 25. Always wear appropriate _______ protection
  11. 29. A Laser Safety Officer is required to operate, _____, or maintain Class 3B and 4 laser systems.
  12. 30. Laser hazard evaluation involves an assessment of the expected level of radiation exposure if employees were exposed to the laser beam for a specified period of _____.
  13. 31. Class 3B lasers can heat the skin if held long enough at close range, but are not considered a _____ hazard.
  14. 32. Class 4 lasers can produce laser generated _____ contaminants (LGAC)
  15. 33. Injury to the eye lens results in a milky area or _____
  16. 35. The _____ of a laser is dependent on wavelength. It might be barely visible, or not at all.
  17. 37. Minimize _____ exposure by rolling down shirt sleeves, etc.
  18. 38. Laser safety _____ offer protection based on wavelength of light and Optical Density (OD) needed to reduce the power of a laser reaching the eye. There is no universal option to cover all wavelengths.
  19. 39. Keep highly _____ materials and personal items like watches and rings ways from the beam path.
  20. 42. Facilities with high-powered lasers often have a Laser _____ Officer (LSO)
Down
  1. 1. Remember, a laser beam may not be _____
  2. 2. High-power beams can _____ flammable and combustible materials. Pay attention to housekeeping.
  3. 4. MPE: Maximum Permissible _____
  4. 6. Ordinary white _____ is a combination of many colors (wavelengths) of _____.
  5. 7. The light from a laser is coherent: the wavelengths of the laser light are in _____ in space and time
  6. 9. Do not _____ into the beam
  7. 11. Thermal effects are the major cause of tissue _____ by lasers. Of most concern is _____ to the eyes and skin.
  8. 12. NOHD: Nominal Ocular Hazard _____, beyond which the laser will not damage the eyes.
  9. 16. Unlike natural light, a laser is collimated and can _____ over great distances as a nearly parallel beam
  10. 17. Rooms containing high-power beams should be well-lit to decrease _____ dilation and therefore reducing the chance that a beam will strike the retina directly.
  11. 18. MPE: the _____ level of laser radiation exposure that will not cause adverse biological effects to the eye or skin
  12. 19. One color and one wavelength
  13. 20. Lasers with continuous-wave output can cause _____ hazards.
  14. 22. _____ 4 lasers can instantly burn skin and cause immediate eye damage from direct or reflected beam exposure. Examples include surgical devices, metal & ceramics cutting.
  15. 23. Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
  16. 26. A Class 1 laser is considered safe during normal _____. It is exempt from any control measures. Examples are laser printers, CD/DVD players.
  17. 27. Lasers are categorized into seven hazard classes based on accessible emission limits (AELs). These limits indicate the hazard class of the laser and are listed in the American National Standards ANSI Z136.1 for Safe Use of Lasers. These include Class 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B, 4.
  18. 28. NHZ: Nominal Hazard _____, inside which laser radiation is greater than the MPE for the laser
  19. 34. The type and amount of _____ affected, the wavelength of light, the energy of the beam, and the length of time that _____ is irradiated are all factors in thermal damage.
  20. 36. The near infrared wavelengths (700 – 1400 nm) are a type of radiation that is especially _____ to the human eye, as we have no natural protection against it.
  21. 40. Class 2 lasers _____ in the visible portion of the spectrum and eye protection is normally afforded by the blink reflex.
  22. 41. Damage to eye retina cells can result in _____ loss of vision