Across
- 4. Another term for naïve B cells, which have not yet encountered their antigen.
- 6. A process where antibodies mark cells for destruction by immune cells.
- 9. A group of serum proteins that include antibodies.
- 13. A process that introduces mutations into antibody genes to increase affinity.
- 15. The most abundant antibody in circulation, involved in long-term immunity.
- 16. Immune cells that release histamine during allergic reactions.
- 17. B cell activation triggered without T cell assistance, often by repetitive antigens.
- 19. A long-lived B cell that provides faster immune responses upon re-exposure to an antigen.
- 20. A severe, systemic allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.
- 21. The antibody involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
- 22. A process requiring T cell help for B cell activation and antibody production.
- 23. A molecule on activated T cells that helps B cells with activation and class switching.
- 24. The process where B cells change the type of antibody they produce (e.g., IgM to IgG).
- 25. A complement activation route initiated by antibody-antigen binding.
- 26. The process by which antibodies activate the complement system to destroy pathogens.
- 27. Stimulation of multiple B or T cells by non-specific triggers.
- 28. A receptor on B cells that binds CD40L to promote immune responses.
- 29. Successful gene recombination that leads to a functional B or T cell receptor.
- 30. A normally harmless substance that triggers an allergic immune response.
Down
- 1. The process by which B cells produce antibodies with higher antigen-binding strength.
- 2. When multiple receptors bind to antigens, triggering a stronger immune response.
- 3. A molecule that enhances antigen receptor signaling in immune cells.
- 5. The specific part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody.
- 7. B cells that have previously encountered their antigen and undergone activation.
- 8. The first antibody produced in an immune response; often forms pentamers
- 10. The antibody primarily found in mucosal secretions, such as saliva and breast milk.
- 11. A membrane-bound immunoglobulin that allows B cells to recognize antigens.
- 12. A second signal required for full activation of immune cells.
- 14. A substance that induces cell division, often used to study immune responses.
- 18. A critical condition caused by an extreme allergic response leading to blood pressure drop.
- 23. The specific antigen recognized by a B or T cell receptor.