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Across
  1. 5. A peasant tied to the land who worked for a lord.
  2. 8. A court set up to punish heresy in Spain, often using torture.
  3. 10. Nomadic warriors who created a vast empire across Asia and Eastern Europe.
  4. 11. Groups like the Visigoths and Vandals that invaded and helped bring down the Western Roman Empire.
  5. 12. Charging interest on loans, once banned by the Church.
  6. 15. A document that limited the power of the English king in 1215.
  7. 18. The knight’s code of conduct focused on bravery, honor, and respect.
  8. 19. Describing a perfect and ideal society.
  9. 20. Nomadic people who invaded Europe and settled in Hungary.
  10. 21. Related to the Middle Ages, between ancient and modern times.
  11. 22. A Renaissance belief focusing on human potential and achievements.
  12. 23. Someone who supports artists or scholars, often financially.
  13. 24. A legal system based on court decisions and customs.
Down
  1. 1. A powerful Germanic tribe that formed a kingdom in Western Europe.
  2. 2. A piece of land given to a vassal by a lord.
  3. 3. A long conflict between England and France over land and power.
  4. 4. Non-religious or separate from religion.
  5. 6. A lord’s estate and the center of feudal life.
  6. 7. Germanic tribes who settled in England after the fall of Rome.
  7. 9. A social system based on land ownership and mutual duties.
  8. 13. A person who received land in exchange for loyalty and service to a lord.
  9. 14. A deadly disease that killed millions in medieval Europe.
  10. 16. A period of renewed interest in art, science, and classical learning.
  11. 17. Religious wars launched by Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims.