Learning

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Across
  1. 6. What is found in the amniotic fluid and yolk that affects the chemicals that affect the behavior of offspring?
  2. 7. What type of genetic control does an innate behavior need to be under in addition to being virtually carried out by every individual the same?
  3. 11. The term for “thinking about thinking” is what?
  4. 13. During what type of learning do memories of individuals such as environmental landmarks indicate such as food locations, nest sites, potential hazards and prospective mates?
  5. 18. What pattern of action that once it begins it is unable to stop every time it is carried out that is considered an innate behavior?
  6. 19. When repeated responses to a particular stimulus that is ___ the response of the individual increases. Another word for this term is sensitization.
  7. 20. IEG is the abbreviation for ___ early gene which parts are found in fosB.
  8. 21. A ___ stimulus that elicited a simple change in behavior to complex changes with multiple stimuli can all be forms of learning.
  9. 23. A behavior development and the effects of determining male vs female are due to ___ which is the number of sets of chromosomes.
  10. 24. A innate ___ mechanism is a form of mechanism that is neural and signal detection along with motor actions are involved.
  11. 26. What stimulus prompts no response during classical conditioning?
  12. 27. A response that is directed toward or away from a stimulus that can either be positive or negative is a what?
  13. 28. The effects of a particular stimulus could change if many stimuli are what?
  14. 31. What type of stimulus can strengthen a response?
  15. 33. When an internal depiction of the external environment is formed it is also known as what?
  16. 37. In classical conditioning that falls under associative learning, what type of stimulus introduces an unconditioned response when training is not present?
  17. 39. Offspring fitness is ___ when talking about anticipatory.
  18. 44. The ability to associate a behavior with a positive or negative effect is known as ___ learning.
  19. 45. Once learning occurs a conditioned stimulus will provide a ___ response.
  20. 46. Looking at the genetic effects on behavior the most beneficial traits are likely to be what?
  21. 47. In operant conditioning an individual learned to associate their own actions to a particular response not a ___ cue like in classical conditioning.
  22. 48. The defects of single gene effect on parental care are specific to ___.
  23. 52. Transmissive is when the offspring has the fitness that is passed down from the mother that had a ___effect due to the environment that was non-adaptive.
  24. 53. Taxa where females have a lot of ___ with their offspring is not very common however parental care can happen within those taxa.
  25. 55. What is the term called when an individual sees another individual complete an action and they end up following in suit during operant conditioning?
  26. 56. During classical conditioning one stimulus presence is stronger than another stimulus and the individual's response to it, it is considered what?
Down
  1. 1. What is excreted during parental care that affects the behavior of offspring?
  2. 2. These levels are heightened and stimulate imprinting which is considered non-associative learning.
  3. 3. There are two types of learning, they are non-___ and ___.
  4. 4. In classical conditioning a stimulus can either be overshadowed or what?
  5. 5. The term for when a response from an individual decreases to a specific stimulus when they are susceptible over and over again to that stimulus.
  6. 8. Environmental, developmental, and ___ factors result in behavior. Some examples consist of learning and memory, internal clocks, courtship, and mating behaviors.
  7. 9. This is increased in the phenotypes of the offspring in order to reduce maternal fitness variance.
  8. 10. During non-associative and spatial learning when a stimulus occurs the response is a random movement also known as what?
  9. 12. Sensory modalities such as chemical, visual, and what are included when imprinting is occurring.
  10. 14. The association learned of an individual to change their behavior internally based on an ___event that is occurring is called associative learning.
  11. 15. Imprinting which is a form of non-associative learning requires ___ of possible mates or of kin. Some examples of these are filial imprinting, sexual imprinting, and imprinting on “siblings”.
  12. 16. A response to a stimulus that could be an external or internal cue and changes the activity of an individual is considered animal ___.
  13. 17. A specific ___ from an individual that is set off from a signal that is external is considered a sign stimulus.
  14. 22. In non-associative learning imprinting takes place during the “critical period” which is early in an individual's what?
  15. 25. ___ and the phenotype of the mother influences through non-genetic mechanisms affect the behavior and phenotypes of the offspring.
  16. 29. During local enhancement individuals are ___ to an area where learning is present.
  17. 30. What type of facilitation is considered if learning is facilitated due to the presence of an individual?
  18. 32. These types of conditions can be changed or altered that allowing an individual to learn and change their behavior.
  19. 33. During ___ social interactions the “theory of mind” is non-negotiable.
  20. 34. What type of mRNA is present in an egg?
  21. 35. What is the term for genomic imprinting?
  22. 36. What type of stimulus is considered rewarding in classical conditioning?
  23. 38. When there is ___ the offspring's fitness decreases while the mother's fitness increases.
  24. 40. What is the key to all of associative learning?
  25. 41. Traits can have ___ genetic effects due to being passed down from mother to offspring.
  26. 42. These behaviors may be drawn out by a stimulus that is internal or external and doesn't need any form of learning.
  27. 43. Imprinting includes an individual's recognition of their what?
  28. 45. These experiments are helpful when looking at behavior and the effects the environment has on it.
  29. 49. Levels of ___ hormone also referred to as JH governs the development of behavior.
  30. 50. ___ is different from an innate behavior because it is an outcome of a particular experience and a modification of behavior.
  31. 51. During operant conditioning what can an individual learn to do with an action and attach a reward or punishment to it?
  32. 54. During input filtering stimuli that are considered ___ in the environment individuals stop responding to them.