Across
- 4. realization that number, length, substance, or area has not changed
- 6. defined by Bandura as anticipation of the consequences of our intentions
- 8. behavior patterns that are conditioned to maintaining stimuli
- 12. device invented to present programmed material
- 14. procedure whereby a conditioned stimulus is presented but not followed by reinforcement
- 15. required so students correct responses can be reinforced and incorrect responses corrected
- 18. refers to the strengthening or weakening of a connectin between a stimulus and response
- 19. memory for complex motor skills that may not include memory that the skill has been learned
- 20. a role that motivation plays in Tolman’s theory
- 21. general potential to engage in a class or covert actions
- 22. learning where an object is located.
- 23. responding to the physical environment in accordance with existing cognitive structures
- 24. side effects of adaptations that may be co-opted for the benefit of the organism
- 27. an operant response given to one set of circumstances but not another
- 30. naming the object of experience during an introspective report
- 32. the birth and development of new neurons
- 33. one response can bring the organism into contact with stimuli that act as an Sd for another response
- 34. A CR, extinguished in an environment different from the environment it was learned
- 39. because organisms typically avoid experiencing things that frighten them, it’s unlikely unjustified fears would ever extinguish naturally.
- 40. formation of an association between a certain drive state, such as hunger, and certain stimuli, such as food on is use to eating
- 41. make the victim of one’s immoral actions appear to be less human in an attempt to escape self-contempt
Down
- 1. brain structure within the limbic system thought to be involved in the conversion of short-term memory into long-term memory
- 2. the Gestalt version of transfer of training, which states that a principle that works in solving a problem will tend to be applied to solving other problems
- 3. originated in the U.S. and initially coexisted with structuralism
- 5. Popper’s term for the innate desire to revise expectancies continuously so that they are increasing accurate in reflecting reality
- 7. a makeshift language that contains nouns and verbs from various language groups
- 9. major tool voluntarists and the structuralists used
- 10. behavior that occurs reliably in the absence of experimental manipulations
- 11. secondary reinforce that has been paired with more than one primary reinforcer
- 13. study of the nature of knowledge
- 16. tendency for an organism to respond not only to the specific stimulus it was trained on but also related stimuli
- 17. contentions that brain wave activity ranges from very fast to very slow with a rate in between that allows for optimal performance of certain task
- 25. Este’s cognitive model of classification/categorization
- 26. the study of intact, meaningful mental events
- 28. process whereby a desired response is encouraged through use of differential reinforcement
- 29. occurs when a response removes something positive and adds something negative
- 31. verbal command that is reinforced when the listener carries out the command
- 35. Piaget’s major motivational concept
- 36. Biological/behavioral scientists who study specific types of innate behavior
- 37. behavior that is apparently unselfish and self sacrificing
- 38. increased probability of making a previously learned response that results from observing another person making the response