Across
- 3. A parasitoid that parasitizes another parasitoid.
- 5. Enabled insects to fold wings flat over their abdomen.
- 8. Bright colors signaling toxicity or unpalatability to predators.
- 10. The period when insects first appeared (~400 million years ago).
- 11. Insects trapped in tree resin that hardens into amber.
- 13. Muscles that attach directly to insect wings.
- 16. The mutual evolutionary influence between insects and plants.
- 18. Feeding on many unrelated plant species.
- 19. Flattened impressions of insects preserved in sedimentary rock layers.
- 22. Suggests wings evolved from extensions of thoracic terga.
- 23. Partially hardened forewings of true bugs.
- 24. Muscles capable of multiple contractions per nerve impulse.
- 26. Bright colors indicating danger or toxicity.
- 29. Known for delivering the most painful stings, found in New World tropics.
- 30. A toxin injected into another organism via stings or bites.
- 31. Hardened forewings of beetles that protect hindwings.
- 32. Indirect evidence like burrows, footprints, or feeding marks.
- 33. Ants with highly painful stings, found in Australia.
- 35. Elastic protein aiding wing movement efficiency in insects.
- 37. Long-term interactions between species that can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.
- 38. Interaction where both species benefit.
- 39. A parasitoid that develops inside the host's body.
- 41. Chemicals beneficial to the receiver but not the emitter.
- 43. Two unpalatable species resembling each other to reinforce predator avoidance.
- 45. Stealing resources collected by another organism.
- 46. Chemicals beneficial to the emitter but not the receiver.
- 47. The exudation of hemolymph containing toxins when insects are threatened.
- 48. Feeding on a few related plant species.
- 49. Early wingless insects that lacked significant metamorphosis.
- 50. Interaction where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
- 51. Chemicals that attract conspecifics to a location.
- 52. A parasitoid that develops outside the host's body.
- 53. Harmless species mimicking the appearance of harmful ones.
- 54. Highly aggressive bees known for frequent swarming and high sensitivity to alarm pheromones.
Down
- 1. Chemicals that attract mates, often species-specific.
- 2. Structure in female Hymenoptera evolved for stinging or egg-laying.
- 4. Organisms that live in or on a host, eventually killing it.
- 6. Method of classifying species based on common ancestry.
- 7. Mass extinction event that led to the diversification of flowering plants and insects.
- 9. Suggests wings evolved from gills in aquatic nymphs.
- 12. Muscles with one contraction per nerve impulse.
- 14. Muscles that attach to the thorax and deform it to move the wings.
- 15. Group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants.
- 17. Chemicals released by plants to attract predators or parasitoids of herbivores.
- 20. The evolutionary history and relationships among species.
- 21. Specialized venom-delivering organ found in certain insects like bees and wasps.
- 25. Evolved complete metamorphosis for life stage specialization.
- 27. Feeding on a single plant species.
- 28. Fungi that infect and kill insects, often used in biological pest control.
- 34. Thin and transparent wings like those in dragonflies.
- 36. Plant compounds that serve defensive roles against herbivores.
- 40. Chemicals used by social insects to mark paths to resources.
- 42. Chemicals that warn others of danger.
- 44. Modified hindwings in flies functioning as gyroscopic organs for balance.