Linguistics

5. A theory within Indo-European studies, first proposed by a certain Swiss semiotician, that proposes the existence of one or more consonants in Proto-Indo-European that are only reflected in their effect on neighboring sounds
6. A phonological property of some languages, such as Finnish, in which the occurrence of certain groups of vowels in a word is restricted according to a certain grouping
9. The ability to speak two languages
11. A language with no known genetic relatives
12. The least prestigious variety of a language
14. In optimality theory, a constraint ranked above another constraint is said to _____ it
15. The manner of articulation characterized by the generation of turbulent airflow in the vocal tract
16. When a sound change reduces the instances in which a later sound change can apply, the first sound change is said to be in a relation of this type to the second
17. A linguist and philosopher known for his theory of Universal Grammar, and his Principles and Parameters approach to syntax

1. A theory within generative syntax that claims all syntactic phrases have the same internal structure
2. The Swiss semiotician whose Course in General Linguistics laid the foundations for much of modern linguistics
3. The property a language can have in which words can express the meaning of full sentences in English
4. A unit of sound that distinguishes meaning within a particular language
7. A sound change involving the swapping of two sounds within a word
8. The number of arguments a verb can take
10. A proposed property of truth-conditional semantics, in which the truth value of a proposition can be determined based on the values of its parts, and their combination
13. Within generative syntax, the requirement that all NPs must be marked for a certain feature