Across
- 4. The Revolutionary Period & Early Nationalism helped to create the American identity; writers and speakers of this time focused on persuading others to join their cause by justifying their position on the American Revolution.
- 5. Tends to be good-natured and light-hearted, looking to raise laughter in order to encourage moral improvement.
- 7. Transcendentalism is a movement within the Romantic period; its authors focus on exploring humanity’s link with nature as an avenue to connect with the divine. They also place an emphasis on self-reliance to fulfill one’s needs.
- 8. Modernist literature radically departed from traditional literary forms, illustrating disillusionment with the established norms and values and instead embracing experimentation and fragmentation.
- 10. Romanticism results from a reaction to the previous decades of emphasis on reason; rather, Romanticism seeks to explore the universal human experience, placing value on individualism, nature, emotion, imagination, intuition, and creativity.
- 13. An appeal to emotion.
- 16. Contemporary writers (including those considered post-modern) are recognized as those active since the end of World War II. The world has changed exponentially since 1945, and those changes are reflected in the variety of text genres, modes, and associated authors.
- 20. A list of sources used in an essay through the incorporation of the words, information, or ideas of others.
- 21. The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues; satire seeks to bring about change.
- 22. The use of a logical appeal to persuade.
- 23. Acronym for the Modern Language Association, the group that sets requirements for all publications in the field of literature.
- 24. The short version of a source citation (often the author’s last name and page number) that appears in parentheses at the end of the information and refers readers to the full source citation in the Works Cited list.
Down
- 1. A type of satire that is darker and more bitter in nature; includes ironic criticisms of people and institutions.
- 2. Gothic | In this movement, Southern writers influenced by Gothic traditions explored the darker, sinister, side of human nature set against the backdrop of a diseased or decaying Southern landscape.
- 3. The Harlem Renaissance was the most prominent Black literature movement of the 20th century, giving voice to the Black identity and community in a cultural revival, explored through various modalities of art and literature.
- 6. Leading up to and including the American Civil War. Realism hopes to achieve truth by describing and imparting the realities of life, no matter how harsh; regionalism also flourishes during this time, with dialect being utilized as part of the author’s craft in line with the tenets of Realism.
- 8. A traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.
- 9. Oral traditions involving songs and stories that include creation stories, histories, myths, totems comprise the heart of early Native American literature; however, the written form did not follow until after colonization.
- 11. The “Lost Generation,” a term coined by Gertrude Stein, was used to describe expatriate, postwar American authors who gathered in Paris in the 1920s; a sense of alienation and disillusionment pervaded their works.
- 12. The character, credibility, and moral values a group or individual possesses.
- 14. Dark Romanticism explores the darker side of human nature, often through the high use of symbolism and the inclusion of supernatural elements.
- 15. The Colonial Period encompasses the texts of those who arrived and settled in what would become America; the Puritans and their influence largely dominated the literature of the time.
- 17. A first-person account of slavery written by a former slave, or dictated to an author, that details their life from captivity to freedom.
- 18. Naturalism is a harsher movement within Realism that embraces the philosophy that the trajectories of people’s lives are determined by outside factors (nature, environment, fate, heredity), beyond their control.
- 19. The complete publication information for a source used in an essay and provided to give proper credit and avoid plagiarism.