Logical Fallacies

2. Using an important word or phrase inconsistently, or in a way that is vague or misleading.
4. Makes a conclusion that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have caused 'A.'
8. Once one thing happens, a chain of events will unfold
11. The speaker may make claims that are generalized and based on a small sample, and will suggest that the data has greater significance than it really does.
12. The writer or speaker restates the argument instead of actually proving it. .
13. Oversimplifies the argument by suggesting there are only two sides or choices.
14. Designed to make the listener/reader believe that “everyone is doing it” or thinks this way.

1. Erros in reasoning and logic that can undermine an argument.
3. Compares two things with a shared characteristic to suggest that both are similar in other ways.
5. An attack on the character of a person or group rather than one of their opinions or arguments.
6. uses confusion and distraction to divert the reader or listener’s attention from the facts of the argument.
7. Are often used to manipulate the listener without using sound reasoning, logic or evidence.
9. Attacks an oversimplified opposing viewpoint or one that changes the point altogether
10. The writer or speaker makes a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. They do not offer enough proof to support a claim.