Across
- 1. Shifting the need for evidence onto the person receiving the claim (e.g. "Can you say I'm wrong?")
- 4. Using emotional appeals to win an argument (e.g. Isaac in speech)
- 7. Stating a claim is true simply because an authority figure made it (e.g. anything learned in TOK)
- 8. A flawed argument that attempts to mislead, or a fish
- 9. The belief that has occurred more frequently in the past will occur less frequently (Mr. Pasko suffered from this in Las Vegas)
- 14. When one misrepresents an argument to make it easier to attack, or another name for a supporting character from the Wizard of Oz
- 15. Assuming that just because a person has good intentions, they are reliable/truthful (e.g. believing Hardy is reliable)
Down
- 2. Comparing one scenario to a best/worst case (e.g. "There are kids starving in Africa, I would know," Stiefel says to Pasko)
- 3. Presenting only two options when there are many available (e.g. "go to Stiefel's class or be happy")
- 5. The argument that an extended series of events will lead to one huge event (e.g. one bad grade will lead to you flipping burgers)
- 6. Changing the rules for what is considered adequate evidence, or what Mr. Pasko's team does in rugby
- 10. Believing a claim is false because it is inconsistent with the behavior of the arguer (e.g. Pasko saying to Stiefel, "well, you're also racist")
- 11. Using the claim to prove the claim
- 12. When one falsely believes one event causes another (e.g. believing Mr. Pasko's absence causes cholera)
- 13. The assumption that because two things share some characteristics they are exactly the same (e.g. "Stiefel=Pasko because both are white")
- 16. Criticizing a person instead of their argument (e.g. "Sleepy Joe")