Across
- 4. A compound of silicon and oxygen that forms a lattice structure in rocks.
- 7. Characteristic of sandy soils. ANAGRAM: MR ABLE PEE.
- 8. Piece of rock larger than gravel, but smaller than a cobble.
- 10. Organic matter that undergoes decomposition to create nutrient-rich soil.
- 11. Sediment size that can be added to improve the texture of a silty clay soil.
- 13. The process by which water from precipitation or surface water sources infiltrates into the ground and replenishes the groundwater reservoir.
- 15. Relating to or derived from living organisms or their remains.
- 16. Makes acid soil more neutral.
- 18. Plant micronutrient, found abundantly in the mantle. Used in synthesis of chlorophyll.
- 20. Distance in kilometres to the centre of the Earth. (3,8)
- 23. Solid iron layer of the Earth. (5,4)
- 24. Hard igneous rock that has cooled deep in the Earth's crust.
- 25. A layer of the Earth composed of magma.
- 26. Acid produced by carbon dioxide in water. Gives soda water its sour taste.
- 28. Limestone and sandstone belong to this type of rock.
- 30. "Take it!"
- 32. Geological process such as ice wedging or abrasion.
- 34. Type of weathering caused by carbonic acid.
- 37. A small particle of rock.
- 40. Dark organic material formed from decaying plant and animal matter.
- 42. The region beneath the Earth's surface where all pore spaces in the soil or rock are filled with water. (4,2,10)
- 44. 2-3% of the hydrosphere.
- 45. When added to soil, helps in reducing pH levels.
- 47. Layer of the Earth where weathering occurs.
- 49. C horizon in other words. (6,8)
Down
- 1. Turning and breaking up soil for cultivation or planting purposes. Too much of this can cause erosion.
- 2. Man-made or natural body of surface water that stores and supplies water.
- 3. Process by which soluble substances, such as nutrients or minerals, are removed or washed out from soil.
- 5. Process occurring on the beach side of a meander.
- 6. Excess water that flows over the land surface during heavy rain.
- 7. Plant micronutrient. Symbol K. Helps them to absorb water in their roots.
- 9. Unweathered horizon found beneath soil. Same as crust.
- 12. Molten rock when on the Earth's surface.
- 14. Process which occurs on the cut-bank side of a meander.
- 17. A type of rock that has been changed by high temperature and pressure within the Earth's crust, resulting in the alteration of its mineral composition and texture.
- 18. A metamorphic rock primarily typically formed from the metamorphism of limestone.
- 19. A graphical representation used in soil science to determine the textural classification of soil based on the proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles it contains. (4,8)
- 21. Describes the water that is visible on the Earth's surface in natural water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams.
- 22. Describes a soil type that is non-porous and impermeable.
- 27. Pumice and granite belong to this type of rock.
- 29. Speculated temperature in degrees Celsius at the centre of the Earth. (5,8)
- 31. Fine-grained sedimentary particles that settle in the middle layer of a soil sample.
- 33. The uppermost layer of soil, rich in organic matter and nutrients, where most plant roots grow and many soil organisms live. A horizon.
- 35. Element found in the Earth's core.
- 36. Geological formation characterised by high porosity and permeability, allowing it to store and transmit significant amounts of groundwater.
- 38. A sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized mineral particles bonded together by various cementing materials.
- 39. The smallest particle size found in soil.
- 41. A man-made hole drilled into the Earth's surface to access groundwater or extract natural resources such as oil or gas.
- 43. The opposite of alkaline.
- 46. Highly porous volcanic rock characterised by its lightweight and numerous air pockets.
- 48. Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, typically containing dissolved gases and mineral crystals.
- 50. A soil with inorganic solids: 20% clay, 40% silt and 40% sand.