Macromolecules

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  1. 3. Simple sugars, the basic building blocks of carbohydrates (e.g., glucose, fructose).
  2. 6. Likely a typographical error for "hydrosome," but could refer to a water storage component, though not a standard term in biology.
  3. 7. A carbohydrate made of two monosaccharide molecules joined together (e.g., sucrose).
  4. 11. Organic molecules like fats, oils, and cholesterol that are hydrophobic and essential for cell membrane structure.
  5. 14. The substance on which an enzyme acts during a reaction.
  6. 17. The basic unit of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
  7. 18. A simple carbohydrate, often referring to glucose, fructose, or sucrose.
  8. 22. The substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
  9. 24. Membrane: A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits.
  10. 25. Fatty acids that contain more than one double bond in their hydrocarbon chain.
  11. 26. Organic compounds that are fatty acids or derivatives, including fats, oils, and phospholipids.
  12. 28. Organic compounds like sugars and starches that provide energy to living organisms.
  13. 29. Large molecules made of amino acids, essential for structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs.
Down
  1. 1. A complex carbohydrate made of long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose).
  2. 2. Fats or fatty acids in which all carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible, typically found in animal fats.
  3. 4. Membrane-bound organelles in plant and fungal cells that store nutrients and waste products.
  4. 5. Organelles known as the "powerhouse of the cell" that generate ATP through cellular respiration.
  5. 8. A membrane-bound organelle in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste products.
  6. 9. Organelles in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.
  7. 10. Energy: The energy required to start a chemical reaction.
  8. 12. The membrane-bound organelle in a cell that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).
  9. 13. Acid: A long hydrocarbon chain, often bonded to a glycerol molecule, forming fats and oils.
  10. 15. Acid: The building blocks of proteins, consisting of a central carbon, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.
  11. 16. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
  12. 19. Apparatus: An organelle responsible for packaging and transporting proteins and lipids within the cell.
  13. 20. Organelles responsible for protein synthesis in cells.
  14. 21. Reticulum: A network of membranes within the cell involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
  15. 23. Fats or fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
  16. 24. Wall: A rigid outer layer of plant cells that provides structure and protection.
  17. 27. Reaction: A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat.