Mass Wasting

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Across
  1. 4. A mechanical weathering process characterized by the splitting off of slab like sheets of rock.
  2. 6. an aluminium ore, is the world's main source of aluminium - found typically in rainy tropical climates
  3. 9. The relative proportions of clay, slit, and sand in a soil. Texture strongly influences the soil's ability to retain and transmit water and air.
  4. 11. The material upon which soil develops
  5. 13. A combination of mineral and organic matter, water, and air; that portion of the regolith that supports plant growth.
  6. 14. Organic matter in soil produced by the decomposition of plants and animals
  7. 17. The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freeing water in cracks and crevices.
  8. 23. A relatively rapid type of mass wasting that involves the flow of soil and regolith containing a large amount of water. Also called mudflows.
  9. 25. A vertical section through a soil showing its succession of horizons and the underlying parent material.
  10. 28. The depletion of soluble materials from the upper soil by downward-percolating water.
  11. 29. The incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind, or ice.
  12. 30. Mudflows on the slopes of volcanoes that results when unstable layers of ash and debris become saturated and flow downslope, usually following stream channels.
  13. 31. Soil associated with the drier regions and characterized by an accumulation of calcium carbonate in the upper horizons.
  14. 33. A type of movement common to mass wasting processes in which water-saturated materials moves downslope as a viscous fluid.
Down
  1. 1. The variation in the rate and degree of weathering caused by such factors as mineral make-up, degree of jointing, and climate, ______ weathering
  2. 2. The downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity.
  3. 3. The disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near Earth's surface.
  4. 4. A movement common to mass wasting processes in which the material moving downslope remains fairly coherent and moves along a well-defined surface.
  5. 5. The layer of rock and mineral fragments that nearly everywhere covers the Earth's surface.
  6. 7. The washing out of fine soil components from the A horizon by downward-percolating water.
  7. 8. The physical disintegration of rock, resulting in smaller fragments, _____ weathering
  8. 9. Is a gradual mass wasting slope process related to freeze-thaw activity, typical of frigid regions at higher latitudes
  9. 10. Accumulation of rock debris at the base of a cliff.
  10. 12. Any weathering process that tends to produce a spherical shape from an initially blocky shape, _____ weathering.
  11. 15. A layer in the soil profile
  12. 16. A red, highly leached soil type found in the tropics that is rich in oxides of iron and aluminum
  13. 18. The rapid slide of a mass of rock downslope along planes of weakness.
  14. 19. The downward slipping of a mass of rock or unconsolidated material moving as a unit along a curved surface.
  15. 20. Large, dome-shaped structure, usually composed of granite, formed by sheeting, _____ dome.
  16. 21. The processes by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the removal and/ or addition of elements, ______ weathering.
  17. 22. A type of movement common to mass wasting processes that refers to the free falling of detached individual pieces of any size.
  18. 24. The concentration of minor amounts of metals that are scattered through unweathered rock into economically valuable concentrations by weathering processes, _____ enrichment.
  19. 26. Soil of humid regions characterized by the accumulation of iron oxides and aluminum-rich clays n the B horizon
  20. 27. The downslope movement of water-saturated, clay-rich sediment. Most characteristic in humid regions.
  21. 32. The slow downhill movement of soil and regolith