Mastering Sociology

2. a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources
3. a norm so strong that it often brings revolution if violated
4. Marx's term for capitalists, those who own the means of production
5. the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate to one another
6. the use of ones own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of individuals or groups, generally leading to negative evaluation
7. the subjects in an experiment who are not exposed to the independent variable
8. expressions or either approval or disapproval for upholding or violating social norms
9. the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that characterize a group
10. a factor that causes a change in another variable
14. status a position an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntary later in life
15. something of which people add meaning and then use it to communicate with others
16. all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies
18. the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group
19. norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well-being of the group

1. a statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory
2. crimes committed by executes in order to benefit their corporation
9. the disorientation that people experience when they come into contact with a fundamentally different culture
11. a factor that can vary from one person or situation to another
12. Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production
13. "blemishes" that discredit a person's claim to a "normal" identity
17. norms that are not strictly enforced