Material Minds

4. A defect in the crystal structure where there is an irregularity within the lattice
7. Rapid cooling of a material, typically metal, to set its structure
8. A quantum of vibrational energy that arises from oscillating atoms within a crystal
10. The small crystals that make up the structure of a polycrystalline material
13. The electric charge that accumulates in certain materials in response to mechanical stress
15. A type of point defect in a crystal where an atom site is unoccupied
16. The negatively charged electrode by which electrons enter a device
18. The ability of a material to be deformed or shaped under compressive stress
19. The ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and release that energy upon unloading
20. The process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it

1. Relating to the use of light (photons) in various technologies and materials
2. Modulus A measure of the stiffness of a solid material
3. A material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator
5. The property of being identical in all directions; opposite of anisotropy
6. The positively charged electrode by which electrons leave a device
9. A distinct and homogeneous form of matter (eg, solid, liquid, gas) with uniform properties
11. The ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation without breaking
12. The science and technology of extracting metals from their ores and modifying the metals for use
14. Related to heat; often used in the context of material's thermal properties
17. The tendency of a material to fracture or break without significant deformation