Across
- 8. An enzyme found in sweat, tears, and saliva that breaks down bacterial peptidoglycan.
- 10. The first case of a disease identified in an outbreak or epidemic.
- 11. In infection, the relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells.
- 13. Involving multiple distinct microorganisms.
- 18. Abbreviation for a collection of lymphoid tissue in the gastrointestinal tract that includes the appendix, the lacteals, and Peyer’s patches.
- 20. Immunity that is induced as a medical intervention, either by exposing an individual to an antigen or administering immune substances to them.
- 22. Neuromuscular disease causing muscles to contract uncontrollably.
- 24. Abbreviation for patches of lymphatic tissue containing B and T cells that underlie the surface of many skin surfaces in the body.
- 27. The complete complement of microorganisms that live in or on humans.
- 28. An extracellular enzyme chiefly for hydrolysis of nutrient macromolecules that are otherwise impervious to the cell membrane.
- 29. The precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response.
- 30. In immunochemistry, a measure of antibody level in a patient, determined by agglutination methods.
- 33. The clear yellow early product of breast milk that is very high in secretory antibodies.
- 34. A substance that provokes an allergic response.
- 37. The process by which the various types of blood cells are formed, such as in the bone marrow.
- 38. Originating or produced within an organism or one of its parts.
- 39. Specific resistance that is acquired indirectly by donation of preformed immune substances (antibodies) produced in the body of another individual.
- 41. Virus caused primarily by mosquitos.
- 43. The study of the factors affecting the prevalence and spread of disease within a community.
- 46. Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin.
- 47. A heat-labile substance formed by some pyogenic cocci that impairs and sometimes lyses leukocytes.
- 48. disease that exhibits new cases at irregular intervals in unpredictable geographic locales.
- 49. Zoonotic disease characterized by fatal meningoencephalitis.
- 50. Originating outside the body.
Down
- 1. The total number of cases of a disease in a certain area and time period.
- 2. The capacity of microbes to cause disease.
- 3. An incomplete or partial antigen.
- 4. Common name for the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- 5. Any immunity that arises naturally in an organism via previous experience with the antigen.
- 6. The process by which microbes gain a more stable foothold at the portal of entry
- 7. Bacteria that are gram-negative, non-motile and non-endospore forming and do not produce hydrogen sulfide.
- 9. The subjective evidence of infection and disease as perceived by the patient.
- 12. an objective assessment of disease.
- 14. toxin associated with eating poorly preserved food.
- 15. Regulatory chemical released by cells of the immune system that serves as signal between different cells.
- 16. the most common bacterial causes of diarrhea in the US.
- 17. acute environmental infection of the spinal cord that can cause neuromuscular paralysis.
- 19. A person who harbors infections and inconspicuously spreads them to others.
- 21. In epidemiology, the number of new cases of a disease occurring during a period.
- 23. The entry, establishment, and multiplication of pathogenic organisms within a host.
- 25. Any deviation from health, as when the effects of microbial infection damage or disrupt tissues and organs.
- 26. A specific chemical product of microbes, plants, and some animals that is poisonous to other organisms.
- 31. Butterfly-shaped organ near the tip of the sternum that is the site of T-cell maturation.
- 32. Bacterial toxins that are potent stimuli for T cells and can be a factor in diseases such as toxic shock.
- 35. A system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for development of immune cells and immune reactions.
- 36. In disease communication, the natural host or habitat of a pathogen.
- 40. An inflammation of the meninges
- 42. Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.
- 44. The period from the initial contact with an infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms.
- 45. injection of whole microbes (killed or attenuated), toxoids, or parts of microbes as a prevention or cure for disease.