Across
- 3. useful for representing large binary numbers in a smaller number of digits
- 4. use an algorithm that scrambles plain text to cipher text, only decodable with key
- 7. needed because ROM is read-only and RAM is volatile, it’s a semi-permanent storage of data that can change
- 11. control line interface
- 13. holds the results of calculations
- 14. zeros and ones representing two states
- 16. provides fast access to frequently (and recently) used instructions and data
- 18. holds the data fetched from (or to be written to) the memory
- 20. read only memory
- 21. general term covering all computer programs. most software falls into broad categories
- 22. random access memory
- 24. most significant bit
- 26. essential for allowing applications to interface with your hardware
- 30. helps convert from denary to binary and vice-versa
- 34. graphical user interface
- 35. moving all the digits a certain number to the right, dividing it
- 37. 8 bits or 2 nibbles
- 38. sends signals to control how data moves around the CPU
- 40. translates OS instructions into commands that the hardware will understand
- 41. the peak of comedic humor
- 42. helps to maintain the computer (eg. encryption software and compression software)
- 43. the number system humans use, as every number is represented with a number from 0 to 9
Down
- 1. data is stored in files, and a filename extension tells the OS which application to load the file into
- 2. 4 bits
- 5. number of cycles per second
- 6. needed when there is not enough physical RAM to store the open programs
- 8. a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical system
- 9. all physical parts of a computer system and its related devices both internal and external
- 10. reduce file size for less space and files must be extracted before they're read/algorithm could either cause data to be lost or represented differently using binary
- 12. least significant bit
- 15. An OS runs multiple applications at the same time by giving each application a small time-slice of processor time, allowing more than one program to be held in memory at a time
- 17. a complete copy of a CPU
- 19. holds the address of the next instruction in memory
- 23. The OS keeps track of the memory (different memory fragments, virtual memory, defragmentation, etc)
- 25. holds the address of where data is to be fetched or stored
- 27. The OS lets different users log into one computer, and will retain settings for each of them, including different file and program access rights
- 28. moving all the digits a certain number to the left, multiplying it
- 29. all other software, a huge range of programs (runs on OS software)
- 31. performs calculations and logical decisions
- 32. reorganize files on hard disks, putting fragments of files together collecting free space, reducing the movement of a read/write head across the disk surface, speeding up file access
- 33. used for a specific type of instruction → offloads tasks from the main CPU → resulting in a faster (and better) computer
- 36. the temporary storage of data and instructions being read to and written from the RAM
- 39. when you must add another unit or two to the number line to convert a denary number too big for an 8-bit binary number line