Across
- 5. Suggested that bacteria caused human disease through his germ theory in 1861.
- 7. Worked to improve conditions in hospitals and the training of nurses from the 1850s onwards.
- 11. Worked to discover the bacteria that caused individual diseases, allowing others to develop targeted vaccines.
- 12. Health Act These took place in 1848 and 1875. The first encouraged local councils to improve public health; the second made it compulsory.
- 13. To destroy all living microbes from surfaces and surgical instruments.
- 14. Showed that people had caught cholera from the water they used during the Broad Street cholera epidemic of 1854.
- 15. The injection into the body of killed or weakened organisms to give the body resistance against disease.
- 16. Many scientists continued to believe that this ancient idea this was the cause of cholera epidemics in the nineteenth century.
Down
- 1. Proved that vaccination prevent people catching smallpox in 1798.
- 2. Discovered several 'magic bullets' - chemicals that killed certain diseases such as malaria and syphilis.
- 3. Showed that chloroform could be used as an effective anaesthetic during surgery in 1847.
- 4. Experimented with carbolic acid spray to produce the first antiseptic, greatly reducing infection rates in surgery.
- 6. The period between the 1850s and 1870s in which death rates in surgery increased slightly despite the discovery of chloroform.
- 8. Putting a low dose of a disease into the body to help it fight against a more serious attack of the disease.
- 9. A widespread outbreak of disease.
- 10. The war that took place in 1854-1856, allowing a key individual to improve standards of hygiene and cleanliness in hospitals.