Medieval Europe

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Across
  1. 3. system A social, economic, and political system in medieval Europe in which land was held by lords and granted to vassals, who pledged loyalty and service to the lord in return.
  2. 4. A fortified building or group of buildings that provided protection for the lord and his family, as well as a place of residence and government.
  3. 5. A member of the lowest feudal class, bound to the land and subject to the will of the landowner.
  4. 6. A ruler of a kingdom.
  5. 7. The female child of a king or queen.
  6. 9. A system of symbols and designs used to identify a noble or knight and their family.
  7. 12. A nobleman who served as a mounted warrior and was trained in the art of warfare.
  8. 14. The buying and selling of goods and services between different regions and countries.
  9. 15. A bridge that can be raised or lowered to allow or prevent access to a castle or fortified building.
  10. 19. A series of military campaigns launched by Christian Europe to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslim rulers.
  11. 21. The group of religious officials, such as priests and bishops, who conducted religious services and governed the church.
  12. 22. A member of the aristocracy, typically granted titles and land by a monarch.
  13. 24. An estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.
  14. 25. A deep, wide trench surrounding a castle or fortified building
  15. 26. The male child of a king or queen.
  16. 27. A political entity ruled by a monarch, typically encompassing a territory or land.
  17. 29. A defensive wall of a castle or walled city, having a broad top with a walkway and typically a stone parapet.
Down
  1. 1. A code of conduct that governed the behavior of knights and emphasized bravery, honor, and courtesy.
  2. 2. The female ruler of a kingdom, who held supreme power and authority over her subjects. The queen could also be the wife of a king.
  3. 4. A large and important church, typically one regarded as having cathedral status and/or associated with an archbishop or bishop.
  4. 6. The house or residence of a lord, as well as the land and serfs that were part of his estate.
  5. 8. A person who entertained the court with jokes, songs, and acrobatic feats.
  6. 10. The male ruler of a kingdom, who held supreme power and authority over his subjects.
  7. 11. A person who bought and sold goods, often traveling to different locations to do so.
  8. 13. A contest of skill and bravery between knights, often involving jousting and other combat.
  9. 16. A high-ranking nobleman, typically one who was granted authority over a region or territory.
  10. 17. A mandatory financial charge imposed by a government or ruling power on goods, services, or income.
  11. 18. A peasant who was legally bound to work the land owned by a lord, and was not free to leave without permission.
  12. 20. A strong tower or fortified building used as a place of refuge or defense.
  13. 23. A person who held land or property and had power and authority over others, including vassals and serfs.
  14. 28. A woman who lived in a religious community and took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
  15. 29. An object associated with a saint or holy person, believed to have special powers and often displayed in a church or shrine.
  16. 30. A member of a religious community of men, typically one living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.