Medieval Europe Glossary

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Across
  1. 2. – A series of religious wars by Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
  2. 4. – A knight’s code of honour, bravery, and courtesy.
  3. 6. – Official exclusion from the Church and its sacraments, often used to punish or control nobles and rulers.
  4. 10. – A deadly plague that killed millions in Europe from 1347 to 1351.
  5. 11. – A person who received land (a fief) from a lord in return for loyalty and service.
  6. 14. – A trained warrior who served a lord, usually on horseback, following the code of chivalry.
  7. 15. – A famous cloth showing the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
  8. 19. – A system where land was exchanged for loyalty and service between kings, nobles, and peasants.
  9. 22. – A young noble training to become a knight, serving a knight in battle and daily life.
  10. 23. – A large estate controlled by a lord, including farms, villages, and the people living there.
  11. 24. – An official who made announcements, organised tournaments, and kept track of coats of arms.
  12. 25. – A poor farmer who worked the land and had few rights.
Down
  1. 1. – Refers to the Middle Ages in Europe (circa 500–1500 CE), marked by feudalism, castles, knights, and the Church.
  2. 3. – A martial game between two knights on horseback using lances, often in tournaments.
  3. 5. – A noble who owned land and had control over vassals and peasants.
  4. 7. – A fortified stone building used by lords for protection and control.
  5. 8. – Church leaders such as priests, bishops, and the pope.
  6. 9. – A document signed in 1215 that limited the king’s power and protected certain rights.
  7. 12. – A powerful noble who held land directly from the king and had authority over vassals.
  8. 13. – A group of workers in the same trade who set rules for quality and training.
  9. 16. – A 10% tax paid to the Church by peasants and others.
  10. 17. – A religious journey to a sacred site.
  11. 18. – A grant of land given to a vassal by a lord in the feudal system.
  12. 20. – A peasant tied to the land, working for the lord without freedom to leave.
  13. 21. – A place where monks lived, worked, and prayed in religious devotion.