Medieval Europe Key Terms

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Across
  1. 2. A farmer who worked the land and formed the majority of the medieval population.
  2. 3. A large estate owned by a lord that included farmland, a village, and often a manor house or castle.
  3. 6. A fortified building used for defence, administration, and as a residence for nobles.
  4. 7. A social and political system where kings granted land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service.
  5. 10. A punishment by the Church that excluded a person from participating in the sacraments and church community.
  6. 12. A tax paid to the Church, usually equal to one-tenth of a person's income or produce.
  7. 13. A person whose religious beliefs were considered contrary to the official teachings of the Church.
  8. 15. A deadly plague that spread across Europe in the 14th century, killing millions of people.
  9. 17. A trained soldier who fought on horseback and served a lord under the feudal system.
  10. 19. A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service.
  11. 21. A community where monks lived, worked, and worshipped.
  12. 22. A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims fought mainly over control of the Holy Land.
Down
  1. 1. The economic system of the Middle Ages where peasants worked the lord's land in return for protection and a place to live.
  2. 4. A person who received land from a lord in exchange for loyalty and service.
  3. 5. The Christian religious institution that played a major role in medieval society, politics, and education.
  4. 8. A person who buys and sells goods for profit, often travelling between towns and regions.
  5. 9. A journey to a holy place for religious reasons.
  6. 11. A man who devoted his life to religious service, often living in a monastery.
  7. 14. A large and important church that serves as the centre of a bishop's authority.
  8. 16. A noble who owned land and governed people living on his estate.
  9. 18. The period of European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance, approximately 500–1500 CE.
  10. 20. A system of government ruled by a king or queen.
  11. 23. A peasant legally tied to the land who could not leave without the lord's permission.