Across
- 2. - Christianity centered in Rome, led by the Pope.
- 6. - Middle Ages economic system based on the manor, providing protection and resources.
- 10. - Byzantine Empire capital, strategically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.
- 11. - Head of the Roman Catholic Church, spiritual leader of Western Christianity.
- 13. - Medieval European social and economic system, land exchanged for military service.
- 15. - European history period from the fall of Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance.
- 16. - Lord's estate, including the manor house, farmland, and villages.
Down
- 1. - Branch of Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire, distinct from Roman Catholicism.
- 3. - First Holy Roman Emperor, united Western Europe in 8th and 9th centuries.
- 4. - Peasants bound to the land, requiring lord's permission to leave.
- 5. - Mounted warriors following a code of chivalry, serving lords for land.
- 7. - Foundational document in constitutional history, limiting English king's power and establishing legal rights.
- 8. - Eastern Roman Empire continuation, centered in Byzantium (later Constantinople), influential on Orthodox Christian Church.
- 9. - Farming technique with fields divided into three parts, rotating crops for soil fertility.
- 10. - Religious wars by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
- 12. - Legal system by Emperor Justinian I in Byzantine Empire, foundation for modern legal codes.
- 14. - Noble landowners granting land (fiefs) to vassals for loyalty and service.