Medieval Renaissance Scientific Revolution

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Across
  1. 1. – Peasants who worked the land for a lord in exchange for protection; not slaves, but not free.
  2. 5. – A knight’s code of honor that stressed loyalty, bravery, and protection of the weak.
  3. 6. Empire Collapse – The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE, which led to political chaos in Europe.
  4. 8. – The “rebirth” of art, learning, and culture in Europe (1300s–1600s), inspired by Greece and Rome.
  5. 11. – A Renaissance movement focusing on human potential, achievements, and classical learning.
  6. 12. Press – Invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1450; spread ideas quickly and made books affordable.
  7. 15. Scientific Method – A step-by-step process of experimentation and observation to test ideas.
  8. 16. – A medical practice, pioneered in the 1700s by Edward Jenner, to prevent disease (starting with smallpox).
  9. 18. – An Italian scientist who used telescopes to support the heliocentric theory and was tried by the Church.
  10. 19. Theory – The idea by Copernicus that the sun, not the Earth, is the center of the universe.
  11. 21. – A Renaissance art technique that created depth and realism in paintings.
  12. 22. System – A social and political system where lords gave land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and service.
Down
  1. 2. – Expelling someone from the Church; used to punish those who challenged religious authority.
  2. 3. Ages – Early Middle Ages (around 500–1000 CE), marked by decline in learning, trade, and stability.
  3. 4. – Wealthy supporters of artists, such as the Medici family in Florence.
  4. 7. Attitudes – Renaissance values that emphasized curiosity, questioning, and individual achievement.
  5. 9. – The upper class of medieval society, including kings, lords, and knights.
  6. 10. – The dominant religion in Europe during the Middle Ages, shaping politics, culture, and daily life.
  7. 13. Trade – Sea trade routes linking Europe, Africa, and Asia; fueled wealth and cultural exchange.
  8. 14. Revolution – A period (1500s–1600s) when scholars used observation, experimentation, and reason to explain nature.
  9. 17. Black Death – A plague in the 1300s that killed about one-third of Europe’s population.
  10. 20. Ages – The period in Europe (500–1500 CE) between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance.