Across
- 5. A tenth of one's income contributed voluntarily to a church.
- 9. The feudal military aristocracy of Japan.
- 10. Any of the military expeditions undertaken by European Christians from 1100 to 1400 to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims.
- 11. A line of military leaders who ruled Japan under the nominal leadership of the Emperor until 1868.
- 14. In the Ancient Roman Empire, people living along the Empire's borders; a person considered by another group to have a primitive culture.
- 15. The male leader of a family or tribe; in the Byzantine Empire, the bishop of Constantinople.
- 19. The castle and estate of a feudal lord.
- 20. the act that deprives someone of membership in the church.
- 21. A public meeting or assembly, especially a legislative assembly or a court of law. The Vikings used this for of government.
- 23. A member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
- 25. A person who does not accept a particular faith, especially Christianity.
- 27. A poor farmer of low social status.
- 28. A separation or division into factions, especially a formal separation within a Christian church.
- 30. A wandering minstrel or singer.
- 32. An adult member of a monastery who is training to become a monk.
- 33. Qualities such as honour, courtesy, loyalty, and fair treatment of the weak, idealized by knights in the Middle Ages.
- 34. An institution of higher learning with teaching and research facilities as well as graduate and professional school.
- 35. A work of art or literature from ancient Greece or Rome; something considered to be of the highest rank or excellence.
- 37. A child dedicated to the monastery.
- 38. An armed, mounted soldier of the feudal period who gives military service to a lord.
Down
- 1. A person who receives land and protection from a feudal lord in return for loyalty to that lord.
- 2. A peasant; a member of the lowest feudal class, bound to the land and owned by a lord.
- 3. regard as holy or as a saint.
- 4. A representation of some sacred personage, as Christ or a saint or angel, painted usually on a wood surface and venerated itself as sacred.
- 6. A punishment by which the faithful, remaining in communion with the church, are forbidden certain sacraments and prohibited from participation in certain sacred acts.
- 7. A Japanese code of ethics involving courage, loyalty, and commitment to military life.
- 8. A large feudal estate.
- 12. A feudal oath of loyalty sworn in exchange for and award of land.
- 13. Land plowed and left unseeded for a season or more; uncultivated.
- 16. An expression of public honour or respect; in feudalism, the ceremonial recognition of allegiance to a lord shown by a vassal.
- 17. Also called manorial system, seignorialism, or seignorial system, political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.
- 18. A material formerly or traditionally used in building walls, consisting of a network of interwoven sticks and twigs covered with mud or clay.
- 22. An association of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans.
- 24. The ability to read and write.
- 26. A political and economic system in which large landholders or lords gave protection to people in return for their service.
- 28. The deliverance of the soul from the penalties of sin.
- 29. A place in which a community or religious people, particularly monks, live.
- 31. A group of people organized or classified by rank and authority.
- 36. The group of people who have been ordained for religious service.