Across
- 3. - Fortified structures used for protection and residence by nobility.
- 5. - A chaotic hand-to-hand combat involving knights and warriors.
- 7. - The Church's judicial system for identifying and punishing heretics.
- 12. - The lowest-ranked kitchen servant in a medieval castle.
- 15. - Muslim inhabitants of North Africa who invaded the Iberian Peninsula.
- 16. - A fine parchment made from animal skins used for manuscripts.
- 17. - A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land.
- 21. - A type of protective castle wall design.
- 22. - A protective, water-filled ditch surrounding a castle.
- 24. - A popular medieval tournament where knights competed on horseback.
- 25. - A peasant bound to the land they worked, often with limited freedoms.
- 28. - The expulsion of an individual from the Christian Church.
- 31. - A code of conduct followed by knights, emphasizing honor and bravery.
- 32. - Associations of craftsmen and merchants, regulating their trade.
- 33. - Seafaring Norse warriors who raided and explored Europe in the Middle Ages.
- 35. - .......Death- The devastating pandemic that swept through Europe in the 14th century.
- 37. - The office and authority of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.
- 38. - The class of agricultural laborers in medieval society.
- 40. - The oath of loyalty and service sworn by a vassal to a lord.
- 42. - A term used to describe Muslims during the medieval period.
- 43. - An underground cell or prison, often found in castles.
- 45. - The economic system that supported feudalism in medieval Europe.
- 46. - A narrow, pointed window common in medieval architecture.
Down
- 1. - A religious community where monks or nuns lived and worshipped.
- 2. - Land attached to a manor for the lord's own use.
- 4. - The legendary wizard of Arthurian mythology.
- 6. - A social and economic system characterized by land ownership and vassalage.
- 8. - A large, ornate Christian church, often the seat of a bishop.
- 9. - An entertainer who sang songs and told stories in medieval courts.
- 10. - An enclosed garden within a monastery used for meditation and study.
- 11. -......... Years' War- A long conflict between England and France in the 14th and 15th centuries.
- 13. - Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service.
- 14. - A young noble learning the skills of knighthood.
- 18. - A philosophical and theological system developed in medieval universities.
- 19. - A grand meal or banquet, often held in medieval castles.
- 20. - German poets and musicians who composed and performed songs in the medieval courts.
- 23. - Beliefs contrary to the official doctrine of the Church.
- 26. - A writing instrument made from a bird's feather, used in medieval scriptoria.
- 27. - Plague - The most common form of the Black Death transmitted by fleas.
- 29. - The Carolingian king who became the Holy Roman Emperor in 800.
- 30. - A journey to a holy site for religious purposes.
- 34. - A protective, water-filled ditch surrounding a castle.
- 36. - A protective, water-filled ditch surrounding a castle.
- 39. - A large estate owned by nobility, including villages and farmland.
- 41. - Poet-musicians who composed and performed songs in medieval courts.
- 44. - Magna ........- A 1215 document limiting the power of the English monarchy.