Across
- 2. the head of the Roman Catholic Church
- 4. the landed estate of a lord, including the house on it
- 8. the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance
- 10. a young man who served a knight and learned to fight in his training to become a knight
- 13. the medieval knight’s code of ideal behavior, including bravery, loyalty, and respect for women
- 14. a person of noble birth who controls the manor
- 15. an organization of people in the same craft or trade
- 16. the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
- 17. a person who does farm work for wealthy landowners
- 19. a combat between mounted knights tilting against each other
- 20. land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
Down
- 1. relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages
- 3. a privileged upper class holding hereditary titles
- 5. the body of people, such as priests, who perform the sacred functions of a church
- 6. a written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarch’s power
- 7. a person who owes loyalty in exchange for receiving something valuable, such as land
- 9. the economic and political system of medieval Europe in which a lord required loyalty and labor in return for protection
- 11. a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender
- 12. a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry
- 17. a young boy who learned manners and received an education as part of his training to learn to become a knight
- 18. a peasant who could not leave the lord’s land on which he or she was born and worked