Across
- 3. or Chaldean Empire was a powerful Mesopotamian state (626–539 BCE) that emerged after defeating the Assyrians.
- 4. a historical region in West Asia located within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, primarily corresponding to modern-day Iraq, alongside parts of Syria, Turkey, and Iran.
- 5. the stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced.
- 6. fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment, especially in a channel or harbor.
- 8. a dominant ancient Mesopotamian civilization and military power based in northern Iraq, which flourished between approximately 900 B.C.E. and 600 B.C.E.
- 9. a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.
- 11. an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.
- 13. the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), home to one of the world's earliest civilizations, known for inventing writing (cuneiform), the wheel, and cities like Ur and Uruk, flourishing between the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE before being absorbed by other empires.
- 14. one of the two major rivers (with the Euphrates) that define Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia, flowing approximately 1,850 km (1,150 miles) from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey, through Iraq, and into the Persian Gulf.
- 16. the first centralized, multi-ethnic empire in Mesopotamia, founded by Sargon of Akkad
- 17. the belief in or worship of more than one god.
- 18. an embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river.
Down
- 1. denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.
- 2. the doctrine or belief that there is only one God.
- 5. a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
- 6. a person who copied out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.
- 7. the longest river in Western Asia, extending roughly 1,740 miles (2,800 km) from Turkey through Syria and Iraq.
- 10. a prominent ancient Akkadian-speaking civilization in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) centered in the city of Babylon, flourishing during the Old Babylonian (c. 1894–1595 BCE.
- 12. Babylonian legal code, dating to circa 1750 BCE, comprising 282 laws that established standards for commercial interactions and set harsh, class-based punishments.
- 15. the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels.