Across
- 3. The first and most important note of a scale, often indicated by the Roman numeral I
- 4. A technique of jazz singing in which singers use nonsense syllables to improvise melodies, imitating instrumental solos
- 8. Harlem pianist, composer, and band leader, author of such jazz standards as "Ain't Misbehaving"
- 13. Best known American bandleader, most famous for commissioning and performing symphonic jazz standards like Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
- 14. A large jazz ensemble, typically consisting of 12-18 members who perform from written arrangements but may also be given the opportunity to do short improvised solos
- 15. A meaningful or memorable succession of pitches
- 16. Regarded as the quintessential female jazz singer, she began her career with Chick Webb's Orchestra and was famous for her improvised scat solos
- 18. Pianist and composer who perfect stride and composed, among other pieces, "The Charleston"
- 19. Pianist, songwriter and composer who successfully combined jazz into his popular and classical works, such as Rhapsody in Blue
- 22. Pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader, who was long regarded as the only significant female jazz musician
- 25. A type of performance in which the music is created as it is being performed
- 27. A widely used harmonic pattern consisting of 4 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the subdominant, 2 measures on the tonic, 2 measures on the dominant and 2 measures on the tonic, used as a basis for improvisation
- 31. First integrated and most prominent all-female band
- 33. Virtuoso jazz pianist who revolutionized jazz piano in spite of having severely impaired vision
- 36. New Orleans clarinetist, who was the first virtuoso of the soprano sax
- 37. New Orleans cornetist and bandleader, famous for mentoring several prominent jazz musicians, most notably Louis Armstrong
- 40. The simultaneous sounding of two or more pitches
- 41. A highly influential blues singer, known as the link between the early Mississippi blues and the modern Chicago blues; legend has it he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for guitar skills
- 43. Drummer and bandleader who led the house band at the Savoy Ballroom in New York
- 45. The _____ Ballroom: Integrated Harlem nightclub that was a famous venue for battles of bands and the Center of African American entertainment in New York
- 47. Popular music publishing business in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; it had many connections to Broadway and Hollywood and was influenced by jazz
- 48. A 19th-century African-American folk song with Biblical references, expressing sorrow and hope and combining African and European musical elements
- 49. An early 20th-century, composed piano music featuring consistent syncopation of the melody against a steady duple meter
- 50. A highly influential blues singer who came to prominence partly as a result of recordings made by ethnographers John and Alan Lomax
- 51. The flexible approach to rhythm that is one of the main features of jazz; also a 1930s style of jazz performed by big bands
Down
- 1. The way in which the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements of music are woven together
- 2. Female singer, successful with both popular and jazz repertoire; she treated her voice as a jazz instrument
- 5. A style of jazz piano featuring a quick tempo and improvised melodies over a rhythmic left-hand ostinato; it influenced swing and rock & roll
- 6. Pianist, bandleader and composer, who is known as the most significant composer of big-band music
- 7. The way in which music is passed down from person to person
- 9. A style of jazz that developed in Chicago in the 1920s, primarily by white musicians, featuring a greater emphasis on solo improvisations
- 10. Pianist, composer and band leader, known as the first modern jazz pianist
- 11. Female blues and jazz singer who emulated jazz instrumental soloists and performed with the greatest jazz musicians of the day; one of her most famous songs is the controversial "Strange Fruit"
- 12. New Orleans composer and pianist, most famous for providing an oral history of jazz that was archived at the Library of Congress
- 17. A practice in which a solo alternates with a chorus or ensemble; it is a feature of African and African American musics
- 20. Pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader who was the most prominent woman in early jazz
- 21. Arranger and bandleader, whose band at the Roseland Ballroom was the most important of the early big bands; his arrangements were made famous by Whiteman and Goodman's bands, among others
- 23. New Orleans cornetist, singer, and bandleader who revolutionized jazz improvisation and who was equally influential as an instrumentalist and as a singer
- 24. Female blues and jazz singer who was the most successful black performing artist of her time but alcoholism and the depression damaged her career; her duet with Louis Armstrong in "St. Louis Blues" is one of her most famous performances
- 26. The system of harmony based on the major and minor scales, in which harmonies move away from and then return to the tonic
- 28. Pianist and composer whose works, such as "Maple Leaf Rag," defined ragtime
- 29. Highly influential alto saxophonist, known for his light and airy sound, most famous for his work in Count Basie's band and his recordings with Billie Holiday
- 30. A solo, virtuoso style of jazz piano also known as the "Harlem School", featuring a ragtime left-hand pattern
- 32. Trumpet player and singer who was a star soloist with the International Sweethearts of Rhythm
- 34. A three note chord built of two thirds, one on top of the other
- 35. Clarinetist and bandleader who brought swing to national attention and was the first jazz musician to succeed with the classical repertory
- 38. Composer and arranger who set the standard for jazz, dance band and radio orchestra arranging, most famous for orchestrating Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue
- 39. The _____ Club: Whites-only Harlem nightclub that was one of the most extravagant and well-known entertainment venues in the world during the 1920s and 1930s
- 42. Pianist, bandleader and arranger, who developed the ideal jazz accompaniment centered around the rhythm section
- 44. The arrangement of time durations in music
- 45. Also known as "sweet jazz," a style of jazz combining the rhythmic elements of jazz with the instrumentation and forms of classical music; it reached a wide audience and was a precursor of Third Stream
- 46. Singer and bandleader who was known as one of the most popular and colorful bandleaders of the swing era; "Minnie the Moocher" was his signature song