Microbiology (Unit 1)

2. A method used to isolate a pure strain from a mixed culture using a solid medium.
3. The type of microscopy that uses electrons to visualize specimens at a very high resolution.
4. The process by which microorganisms are killed or removed from surfaces or objects to prevent infection.
6. A chemical agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on inanimate objects.
8. The phase of bacterial growth characterized by rapid cell division.
14. The term for the collection of all microbial genomes in a specific environment.
16. A type of bacteria that thrives in extreme environments, such as high temperatures or salinity.
18. The process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct contact.
19. The outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria that can trigger immune responses.
21. The term for a living organism that can cause disease, often used in microbiology.

1. The process by which bacterial cells take up foreign DNA from their environment.
5. The part of a microscope that holds the objective lenses and can be rotated to switch between them.
7. A process used to sterilize equipment using high-pressure steam.
9. The phenomenon where bacteria become resistant to antibiotics due to genetic mutations.
10. The term for a population of microorganisms that are genetically identical and derived from a single cell.
11. A type of media that allows for the growth of specific bacteria while inhibiting others.
12. The enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in cells.
13. A method used to prepare a sample for microscopic examination by spreading it on a slide.
15. A technique in microscopy that enhances contrast by using polarized light.
17. The scientific study of fungi, including yeasts and molds.
20. The term for the protective protein coat surrounding a virus.