Across
- 3. A thin yellow secretion high in IgA that helps guard infants from enteric pathogens.
- 8. He developed a standard for determining causation that would stand the test of scientific scrutiny.
- 11. General purpose phagocytes with rapid death when exposed to their own toxic oxygen products.
- 12. Nobel Peace Prize winners swallowed these cells to prove they caused gastric ulcers.
- 14. These cells process foreign matter and present it to lymphocytes.
- 16. One function of this system is to act as a "drain off" for the inflammatory response.
- 18. This system consists of 4 stages: initiation, activation and cascade, polymerization, membrane attack.
- 19. The specific surface marker for B-cells
- 22. Barrier that prohibits most microorganisms from passing into the central nervous system. (2 words)
- 24. This line of defense has host defenses that are developed uniquely.
- 25. These cells ordinarily engulf and destroy pathogens by means of enzymes and antimicrobial chemicals.
- 29. A measurement of the concentration of antibodies in a blood sample, indicating immunity or exposure to a specific disease.
- 30. Arthoropod-borne viruses
- 33. Old English word for "lump" or "bump"
- 38. Inapparent disease
- 41. Process that makes microbes more readily recognized by phagocytes.
- 43. Without granules
- 44. ___________ meningitidis appears as a gram-negative diplococci and is commonly known as meningicoccous.
- 45. Outer surface of the tooth.
- 46. Abbreviation for conserved molecular structures found on the surface of many pathogens that trigger the innate immune system to initiate an immune response
- 48. Organisms coming from somewhere in the same human host.
- 49. The sum total of all microbes found on and in a normal human. (2 words)
Down
- 1. These T-cells lead to the destruction of infected host and foreign cells.
- 2. __________ lyse red blood cells.
- 4. A sign is any __________ evidence of disease as noted by an observer.
- 5. Saliva contain this antimicrobial protein.
- 6. Clonal _____; a mechanism by which the exactly correct B or T cell is activated by any incoming antigen.
- 7. B and T cells originate here
- 9. Crops of lesions associated with meningococcus.
- 10. Bonds that hold the two heavy chains of an immunoglobulin molecule.
- 13. A common hallmark of helminthic infection that involves an increase in granular leukocytes.
- 15. Unique characteristic of adaptive immunity that allows the body "recall" and fight a reinfection.
- 17. Heat-labile exotoxin produced by shigella dysenteriae.
- 20. Abbreviation for one set of genes that codes for human cell markers or receptors.
- 21. Healthcare-associated infections are also known as this. (2 words)
- 23. The syndrome that is the leading cause of acute paralysis in the U.S. since the eradication of polio.
- 26. most common infectious of human beings that happens in the mouth. (2 words)
- 27. Clostridioides _________ is a gram-positive endospore-forming rod that is normal biota in the intestine, and also a HAI.
- 28. A symptom is the ___________ evidence of disease as sensed by the patient.
- 31. The soft tissue of the brain and spinal cord is encased within this tough casing.
- 32. Arthrospores turn into these during the parasitic phase in the fungus known as coccidiodes.
- 34. second most common cause of hospitalizations from food borne disease in U.S. associated with cruise ships.
- 35. This virus can cause microencephaly in infants.
- 36. This causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
- 37. Foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to stimulate an immune response.
- 39. The first and second lines are classified into this general category.
- 40. This is the site for T-cell maturation
- 42. The innermost membrane in the skull
- 47. Bacterium is a small gram-positive flattened coccus that appears in end to end pairs.
- 50. A body defense activated at the earliest symptom of disease.