Across
- 5. It was nailed to a church door in Germany in 1517 and is widely seen as being the catalyst that started the Protestant Reformation. It contained Luther's list of accusations against the Roman Catholic Church.
- 6. A man who received honor and land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier.
- 9. A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
- 11. A system of government based on landowners and tenants
- 13. a peasant bound to the lord's land
- 17. 15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself.
- 19. 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.
- 21. (1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland between 1558 and 1603. She was an absolute monarch and is considered to be one of the most successful rulers of all time.
- 24. an Italian city-state and leading cultural center during the Renaissance
- 26. Also known as the medieval period, the time between the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century C.E. and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century.
- 27. A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
- 29. they played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe.
- 31. 1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.
- 32. a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
Down
- 1. Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.
- 2. A man who devotes his life to a religious group, often giving up all he owns.
- 3. Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
- 4. king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor
- 7. in art development in the Renaissance that included realistic three-dimensional perspective
- 8. A person of high rank who owned land but owed loyalty to his king
- 10. A city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
- 12. An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord.
- 14. of Trent Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings, forbade the sale of indulgences
- 15. Invented the printing press
- 16. A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia
- 18. land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
- 20. English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)
- 22. Plague Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people
- 23. A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity
- 25. "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
- 28. Reformation result of the disagreement between Henry VIII and the Pope, created the Church of England which was separate from the Catholic Church, still left little room for religious freedom
- 30. Reformation A time when the Catholic church banned books and used its courts to punish people who protested Catholic ways