Middle Ages

4. First king of the Franks who blended Roman and Germanic customs and converted to Christianity
6. Workers bound to the land owned by a feudal lord
8. A holy war
11. The authority the Pope held over kings.
14. The sacred rites of the church, participation in which was seen as essential for reaching heaven.
15. The name for the Eastern Roman Empire that continued after the Western Empire collapsed
16. Raiders from Northern Europe who were also traders and explorers, and were the first Europeans to discover America.
17. Frankish leader who halted Muslim expansion into Europe at the Battle of Tours

1. Social and political system where land was granted in exchange for loyalty and military service
2. Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, located in Greece, and a wealthy city due to trade
3. The Roman emperor who moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople in 324 CE.
5. Grandson of Charles Martel who was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by the Pope
7. Spiritual leader of Western European Christians who held authority over kings
9. The treaty that split Charlemagne's empire among his three grandsons.
10. The Byzantine emperor who created a law code that became a model for European law for over 1,000 years
12. A nomadic pagan group from Asia who settled in modern-day Hungary and raided Western Europe.
13. The city where the Roman Republic began and where the Pope gained power