Middle Ages

4. Rotation Three-Field System, The system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land
5. Contract, exchange of pledges between lords and vassals in which a powerful lord grant an estate to his vassal
9. a religious ceremony that represents the religious changes that a person is making inwardly.
10. Middle Ages
11. the church that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church
12. defined as the relation between two or more persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on by all or any one of them acting for all
13. one group splits into two or more opposing groups
14. Supremacy, the claim of medieval popes that they held authority over all secular, nonreligious rulers
16. a landed estate or territorial unit, originally of the nature of a feudal lordship, consisting of a lord's demesne and of lands within which he has the right to exercise certain privileges, exact certain fees, etc.
17. the process by which rural communities grow to form cities, or urban centers, and, by extension, the growth and expansion of those cities.
18. the action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.

1. documents recording grants, usually of land, but sometimes of other property or rights
2. those priests whose job it was to find and punish anyone who was against the church or working with the devil.
3. relating to or denoting the branch of the Indo-European language family that includes English, German, Dutch, Frisian, the Scandinavian languages, and Gothic
6. Carta, a 13th-century document enshrining the rights, privileges and liberties of the clergy and the nobles, and placing limits on the power of the crown.
7. system that included kings, nobles, and serfs (peasants)
8. of or having both Greek and Roman characteristics
15. in European feudal society, a vassal’s source of income, held from his lord in exchange for services. The fief constituted the central institution of feudal society.